Download Exam 1 Study Guide - School of Ocean and Earth Science and

OCN 201 Spring 2007
Exam 1 Study Guide
Exam 1 will be held on Friday, Feb. 16 during the normal time and place for class.
Extended TA Office Hours will be held at Marine Science Building 113 as follows:
Monday
10:30 - 11:30AM; 1:30 - 3:30PM
Wednesday 10:30 - 11:30AM; 12:00 - 1:00PM; 2:30 - 3:30PM
Thursday
10:00AM - 12:00PM; 1:00 - 2:00PM; 3:30 - 4:30PM
Past exams are posted on the OCN 201 web site,
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/courses_html/OCN201/exams.html
It is highly recommended that you review the old exams, and then consult the TA’s during office hours to
answer any of your remaining questions. The exam will include topics covered through (and including)
Wednesday, Feb. 14.
You MUST bring a #2 pencil and your UH student ID to the exam!
Key Terms and Concepts:
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Origin of life theories
Divine Creation
Panspermia
Chemical evolution
Miller-Urey Experiment
Serial endosymbiosis theory
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Classification of Life
Three Domains
Five Kingdoms
Evolutionary relationship
Evolution by Natural Selection
Photoautotrophy
Chemoautotrophy
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Heterotrophy
Mixotrophy
Pelagic
Plankton
Nekton
Dividing the ocean by light availability
Euphotic
Disphotic
Aphotic
Benthic
Infauna
Epifauna
Specialized deep sea habitats
Hydrothermal Vents
Cold Seeps
Whale falls
Coral Types
Zooxanthellae
The Darwin Point
Coral Reef
Fringing Barrier
Atoll
Lagoon
Buttress zone
Microbes
Viruses
Heterotrophic Prokaryotes
Protozoa
Prokaryotic Phytoplankton
Eukaryotic Phytoplankton
Invertebrates
Sponge
Cnidarian
Ctenophore
The Worms
Mollusc
Arthropod
Echinoderm
Larvacean
Tunicate
Fishes
Jawless (hagfish)
Cartilaginous (sharks, rays)
Bony
Mammals
Carnivora
Sirenians
Cetacean: Mysticete/Odontocete
Ecology
Environmental Tolerance
Resource Limitation
Productivity Patterns
Consumer Types
Trophic Efficiency
Food Web
Symbiosis (3 types)
Deep Scattering Layer
Deep Sea Adaptations
Bioluminescence
Maximum sustainable yield
Trophic Cascade
Biomagnification (Bioaccumulation)
Some Concepts and questions
What is life? What building blocks are used for life?
According to geological evidence when did life first appear on earth?
What determines where an organism can live in the sea?
How do temperature and light change with increasing depth? Latitude?
The most abundant cellular organisms in the sea belong to which Kingdom?
What sorts of organisms do viruses infect?
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Why are bacteria important in marine ecology?
What is the simplest animal?
Give an example of a cartilaginous fish.
Give an example of a marine reptile.
What are two features that distinguish Mysticete and Odontocete whales?
What are two major factors that limit productivity in the sea?
Why are nutrients usually depleted at the surface & abundant in deeper waters?
Describe how primary productivity varies with season in tropical, temperate and polar seas.
Describe and explain movement of the Deep Scattering Layer.
Give an example of a simple food chain having three trophic levels.
What does the term “trophic pyramid” refer to?
Which would you expect to have greater total biomass in the sea, anchovies or tuna? Why?
Why is filter feeding so common in the ocean?
Give two examples of how animals communicate.
What are the three types of symbiosis? Give one example of each.
Why are there generally so few animals in the deep sea? Why are there so many at vents and seeps?
Describe a few ways in which fish have adapted to the deep sea.
Describe two ways in which animals use bioluminescence?
Most bioluminescence in the ocean is blue or blue-green, but a few animals have evolved red
bioluminescence. Why might this be useful?
What are the three major stages of succession on a whale-fall?
What do whale carcasses and hydrothermal vents have in common?
How do animals avoid or hide from predators in the sea? Surface? Deep?
What are two factors controlling where different corals live on a reef?
How do corals get their food?
How are atolls formed?
Explain what happens at the “Darwin Point” and why.
What sorts of areas have major fisheries? Why those areas?
What does a trophic cascade refer to?
Why are some chemicals biomagnified?
What are the three stages of colonization/consumption of a whale carcass on the sea floor?
Are whale carcasses “stepping stones” for vent and seep animal dispersal?
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