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Energy in Ecosystems Food Web: • a group of food chains showing all of the feeding relationships in an ecosystem. All Food Webs: • Trophic level —a • Original Energy (SUN) layer in the feeding • Producers of an relationship • Consumers one link in ecosystem, the• Decomposers food chain/web. • Soil • Biomass — total • Arrows showing energy amount of organic flow! material present in a trophic level. So, all producers are at the same trophic level and all primary consumers are at the next trophic level. Organic = is currently living or lived in the past Energy/Ecological Pyramids http://www.vtaide.com/png/foodchains.htm http://www.earthforce.org/files/1284_image2_Energy_Pyramid_for_ Galvbay.jpg • Another way to look at trophic levels. • a diagram showing the relative amounts of energy/biomass in the different trophic levels. • Lowest trophic levels are at the bottom: Producers have the greatest biomass. Example of an Energy Pyramid 1 MAN MAN 0.1% 10% 100 % of the sun’s energy FOX 1% 10% 10% RABBIT Rabbit 90% Energy Lost during conversion to heat, waste…. 90% 10% Grass 90% 10 FOXES 100 RABBITS 1000 Bunches of GRASS - The decreasing size of the pyramid shows that each level of the pyramid has a smaller and smaller number of those organisms. Population: How many of a specific species can live in an area? Carrying Capacity: • The maximum population a community can tolerate for extended periods of time. Usually determined by abiotic factors … Community = the plants and animals found in an area Abiotic Factors = non-living characteristics of the environment. For example: An extended period of time … the environment remains healthy and future generations of organisms are able to continue to live within the community -Sunlight -Moisture -Space -Pollution -Landscape/Terrain Limiting Factors: • Anything that keeps a population from over-growing the resources available. • Consider how changing the factors that affect carrying capacity can alter the population size of a species. Predation Disease Floods Accidents Drought Fire Hunting Pollution Shade Parasites Storms Starvation Habitat Loss