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PAP biology fall final exam review: 100 questions Multiple choice Completely comprehensive – that means it covers the whole semester…August to December. I. Biomolecules: Organic or inorganic? How do you tell?________________________________ Categorize organic or inorganic: What are the 4 classes of compounds? ______________________________ How can you tell the difference between Carbohydrates and everything else? _____________________________ Lipids and everything else? ____________________________________ Proteins and everything else? __________________________________ Nucleic acids and everything else? ______________________________ What kind of bond holds together Carbohydrates - ___________________ Lipids - _____________________ Nucleic acids - ________________ Proteins - ____________________ Categorize which biomolecule it is! Starch Hair DNA Cellulose Plant cell walls Enzymes Organic product of photosynthesis Component of cell membrane Hemoglobin Unsaturated fat Saturated fat Structure Solid at room temp Examples How many different amino acids are possible? __________________________ What determines the order of the amino acids in your proteins? ____________________ II. Cells: Prokaryote Eukaryote Size Age Nucleus Organelles Examples Part Nucleus Function Part Smooth ER Cytoplasm Golgi Body Ribosomes Vacuoles Rough ER Lysosome Plasma membrane Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cell wall Function Plant cell and Animal cell comparison and contrast III. Transport Label the parts of a phospholipid: (polar, nonpolar, phosphate, lipid, hydrophilic, hydrophobic) Label the parts of a bilayer: (polar, nonpolar, phosphate, lipid, hydrophilic, hydrophobic) Use the drawing below to indicate the location of inside the cell, outside of the cell, polar and nonpolar Using the image of a cell membrane below: Color the proteins red Color the polar part green Color the non polar part yellow Add in a channel (transport) protein. Add in a carbohydrate marker on one of the proteins When we say that a lipid bilayer is semipermeable, what do we mean? Passive transport Requires energy Moves molecules Moves molecules Active Transport From low concentration to high concentration With (down) the concentration gradient Define osmosis: Label the following drawings as hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic and draw an arrow to indicate the direction water will move. (The cell membrane is semipermeable but will not allow the particles to move thru…only water) Here are some more examples: Indicate which of the following is endocytosis and which is exocytosis. Below each one give an example of a type of substance moved in that manner Indicate which side is hypertonic, hypotonic and the direction water will move. Draw a prediction of what it will look like after sitting for a few hours: before prediction 5% NaCl 2% NaCl 20% sucrose 50% sucrose 70% NaCl 40% NaCl IV. Energy: Is this reaction exergonic or endergonic? How can you tell? Give an example of endergonic and exergonic reactions: What is activation energy? What do the following letters represent in the diagram A: B: C: E: Which line (solid or dashed) represents a reaction with an enzyme? Give some characteristics of an enzyme: Give 3 examples of digestive enzymes and the reactions they catalyze: What’s an easy way to tell if a chemical named is an enzyme? Name 4 things that can affect an enzyme functioning Label the structure of ATP using the following terms: phosphate, bonds with high stored energy, sugar, and adenine What does ATP become when it loses one phosphate? _______________ two phosphates?_______________ All of our energy originates from the ______________________ The first living things to take incoming energy and transform it to chemical energy (glucose) are called _______________ or ____________________. The energy flows from those organisms to ____________________ or ______________________ that must eat to obtain energy Give 3 kinds of organisms that are photosynthetic: What is fermentation? When does it occur and what are the byproducts? Bacteria can only conduct the first part of cellular respiration. What is that called? How many ATP does it produce? Cellular respiration What Where Who What goes in (reactant) What comes out (product) Reaction (balanced) Where in a plant does photosynthesis occur? (Be specific) Photosynthesis Name the following : Producers 1st trophic level 2nd trophic level 3rd trophic level 4th trophic level Herbivores Carnivores Omnivores 1st level consumer 2nd level consumer 3rd level consumer If the phytoplankton has 1468 kilo calories of energy How of that is store in the bald eagle if: Phytoplankton benthic invertebrates sea ducks bald eagle