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Genetics I Study Guide Biology Name: _______________________ 1. Study of how traits are passed __genetics_________________________ 2. Two types of cells _body cells and sex cells___________________ 3. Body cell has how many of each chromosome ___2_________________ 4. Types of sex cells __can be either egg or sperm________________________ 5. Sex cell has how many of each chromosome _1_____________________ 6. Genes are passed to offspring when _sex_______ cells join 7. Two jobs of the nucleus __direct cell parts allow cell to reproduce________ 8. Where chromosomes are found __nucleus___________________________ 9. Section of a chromosome __gene___________________________________ 10. Gene that keeps other genes from showing trait ___dominant_____________ 11. Recessive gene __genes that do not show traits in presence of dominant gene 12. Heterozygous _has a dominant and recessive gene for a trait_____ 13. Mendel __reported results of genetic crosses in pea plants__ 14. Short plants mated to short plants produce what type of plant _short_________ 15. Write an example of a pure dominant gene __TT_________________________ 16. Write an example of a pure recessive gene ___tt______________________ 17. Write an example of a heterozygous gene __Tt___________________________ 18. Two genotypes that show a dominant trait __homozygous dominant and heterozygous 19. Phentotype the physical characteristics of an organism 20. Genotype the genes of an organism that refer to a trait 21. Punnett square _shows how genes combine when egg and sperm join ; shows expected results__ 22. Each box in a square represents _ a new organism______________________ 23. Letters on the side and top represent _genes for one trait______________ 24. Black fur is dominant to brown fur. Cross a pure recessive father with a heterozygous mother. How many offspring will have Black fur? Brown fur? B b b Bb Bb bb b Bb Black fur: ___2______________ Brown fur: __2______________ Provide Genotypic ratio: 2Bb:2bb Provide phenotypic ratio: 2 black:2 brown bb