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Transcript
DNA Structure and DNA Replication What DNA is Made of and How DNA Copies Itself DNA’s Structure ► DNA is made up of _____ corresponding strands each containing millions of _____________________. ► Each Nucleotide has a ___Carbon Sugar, a _____________ Group and a _________________ Base. Nitrogenous Bases ► There are _______ Nitrogenous Bases in DNA. ► ______________ ► ______________ ► ______________ ► _________________ The Double Helix ► The structure of DNA was discovered by English scientists, James ____________ and Francis _____________. ► They built a model of DNA called a ____________ __________, in which _____ strands of DNA are wrapped around one another like a ___________ ____________. DNA Replication ► The process of _______ DNA. ► This occurs during __ Phase (part of Interphase) of the Cell Cycle. ► DNA replication is necessary so that cells have _____ copies of their DNA during _____________. ► This ensures that each daughter cell receives an _________ _________ of the cells DNA. ► DNA replication follows _____________ Rule. Chargaff’s Rule ► Erwin Chargaff discovered that the amount of ___________ [A] in DNA was always __________ to the amount of __________ [T], and that the amount of ___________ [G] was always ___________ to the amount of ___________ [C]. ► Therefore, he concluded that [A] always ______________ with [T] and [G] always ________________ with [C]. ► This is called Chargaff’s Rule. Chargaff and Replication ► Due to Chargaff’s discovery, we now understand why DNA is able to copy itself without making _________ or __________ the order of nucleotides. ► This explains why each new cell is able to always receive an __________ ________ of the __________ cells DNA. How Replication Works ► To begin replication, first the DNA’s ___________ _________ must unwind and the two strands must ____________. ► Next, ______ _________________ (an enzyme) moves along each strand of the DNA, adding _______ nucleotides in the proper order. ► In the end, ______ _____ __________ of DNA is bonded with one of the ___________ strands of DNA, creating two ______________ DNA double helixes.