Download BHS 150.1 – Course I Date: 10/18/12, 1st hour Notetaker: Laurel

BHS 150.1 – Course I
Notetaker: Laurel Hammang
Date: 10/18/12, 1st hour
Page1
Final will have 100 questions, new information will be 1/3 of material, tested as new (more details)
Test hasn’t been written yet, so if Dr. Z writes questions on material she didn’t tell us about, she’ll
send an email out
Know big picture for old material, all tear stuff in detail as if tested new
Homework #4 Answer sheet given out:
Q1 Aerobic glycolysis
Someone without contacts, or normally while awake, do aerobic glycolysis (full oxygen)
Krebs’s cycle, ETC, ATP produced
Enzymes need to know: those that make GTP, NADH, FADH2
Nutrition involved: niacin, pyruvate dehydrogenase,
isocitrate, ketoglutarate dehydrogenase need thiamine
succinate dehydrogenase, riboflavin, what complexes are doing
Know what shuttle to use
Know acetyl coA, glucose, how much for aerobic/anaerobic glycolysis
Q2 Anaerobic glycolysis
Someone with contacts or during sleep (low oxygen)
*might be in a case on the final exam
H and M polypeptide
Q3 Healing
Understand process for each type of cell healing and how they react to injury
What happens with scars?
Epithelial cells must heal first to form barrier if damage down to stroma
Q4 Energy calculations for palmitate
Palmitate (versus palmitoyl) means it’s out in cytosol and needs to be activated to be
transported to mitochondria
**For exam, she will give us an inactive FA in cytosol that needs to be activated for
transport into mitochondria
Go through calculations, practice with any even number 14, 16, 18, 10
Reactions: understand beta oxidation process
Order of steps, what’s produced, know that the enzymes are dehydrogenases
REVIEW OF OLD MATERIAL
Structures: simpler than previous exams, (more global)
Be able to id amino acid, vitamin, FA, etc
she’ll let us know exactly
Cells and biological buffers: related to what we’ve talked about
Qs related to RER (mucin production, collagen), SER, mitochondria, based on when we
covered them in lecture
Acid/base: lysozyme function, protein structure
Recognize acid and base (*histidine) amino acids
Nutrition: 4 cal carb, 4 cal protein, 9 cal fat for energy calculations
Vit’s E, C,: what they do
Vit A full detail, how its used by conjunctiva cells to make mucin
Niacin, thiamin, riboflavin: water soluble? What they do? Where? Function?
Summarize digestion and absorption: how are things broken down?
Proteolysis: zymogens, review lipids,
(no lutein, zeaxanthin)
TEARS & ANYTHING EYE RELATED: TESTED AS NEW MATERIAL IN FULL DETAIL
Amino acids and proteins: structure and function, stabilizing bonds for each structure
Proteins made by 2 organelles: RER & Golgi
Know tear-related proteins and their functions
Enzymes: function and how they work—how can side chains be used?
Lysozymes
(No graphs will be given)
Proteins in normal tears vs in an infected eye
Glycolysis: 1 sentence summary: what is made, location,
energy calculations
Enzyme names that use/make: NAD, FAD, ATP
Ex: which enzyme in kreb’s cycle is dependent on niacin? Or makes NAD?
Be able to separate where enzymes are, which pathway uses them for what
Pentose Phosphate Pathway: 1 sentence summary: oxidative portion that makes NADPH , non oxid
portion that recycles carbons
Lipid Production: regulation
Malonyl coA stimulates for synthesis of FA
the need energy regulates break down (oxidation)
calculations for break down (none for synthesis)
Lipoproteins: VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL, chylomicrons
Know what each does…what gives cholesterol? What delivers TGs?
Cholesterol synthesis requires Acetyl CoA (for energy, make FA, cholesterol)
Dislipidemia-Diabetes-glycation, how cholesterol can be a problem
Membranes: carriers, facilitated, transporters, channels,
*Know how to id each type
Classify all types for tear production and corneal hydration
Unique example: endothelial cells in corneal hydration uses bicarb concentration
levels for secondary active transport
Aqueous layer of tears: production
Mucin layer: role of vitamin A (retinoic acid)
Receptors: metabotropic: tear regulated
Ionotropic: tear regulated by Ca2+ and IP3
Classify and understand different types
Be able to put together entire tear regulation process
ECM: related to cornea, what we talked about again later in the cornea
Collagen production and vit C role
Table pg 158
Function of each type of collagen: which is structural? Which limits diameter?
Corneal hydration
Secondary active transporters
Which is on stroma side? On cornea side?
Purpose is to pull H2O out
How do endothelial cells regulate hydration?
Beta Oxidation: calculation questions, order of reactions, nutrition (carnitine deficiency)
Antioxidants: role of vit C, E
Lipid Peroxidation: process, how fixed (damage and danger)
Vitamins: enzymes, SOD, catalase, GSH system
Everything else is included in the HW 4 handout