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BL 424 Cell Biology suggested topics/questions
1. Cells and tools:
Explain differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Explain characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
What structures are found in both prokaryotics and eukaryotic cells
What is the endosymbiotic theory?
What are some of the model organisms and to what properties of the cell biology do they contribute?
What are some advantages and disadvantages of model organisms for research?
What are the scientific names of some of the model organisms?
How are fluorescent-labeled antibodies viewed binding to a specimen?
Transmission electron microscopy is used for what type of specimens?
What is an advantage of using GFP? What do the initials GFP stand for?
Explain different cell structures, and the components
Which cellular structure is continuous with the nucleus in eukaryotes?
Which cellular organelle is responsible for generating most of the ATP from glucose
2. Composition of cells/ macromolecules
What kinds of bonds are required for creating macromolecules?
What is the bond type between two amino acids joined in a polypeptide or protein
What is the bond type between two sugars in an oligosaccharide
What is the bond type between two nucleotides in a polynucleotide
What is cellulose considered for humans?
To what macromolecular class do some of the following specific molecules belong?
Hemoglobin, starch, phosphatidylethanolamine, olive oil, glucose …….
What are the major chemical differences between RNA and DNA?
What is the difference between nucleotide and a nucleoside?
What are common structural differences between RNA and DNA
Draw the peptide bond, or a generic amino acid
Which of the following diagrams is a correct structure for amino acids?
What are the 4 structural levels of proteins?
How many fatty acid chains are typically found in a lipid molecule?
How many fatty acid chains are found in a phospholipid molecule?
What is the structure of a triglyceride?
What is the difference between glycolipids and phospholipids?
What is the difference between phosphatidylinositol and sphingomyelin
Plasma membrane structure and components
What are the main components of phospholipid bilayer?
Diagram the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure
What is the role of cholesterol in cell membrane?
What are the 3 functions of the cell membrane?
What are the major functions of fats and phospholipids in cells?
What is the difference between active transport and passive transport
Give examples of compounds that are transported by each
What is the difference between the genome and the proteome?
3. Metabolism:
Explain how enzymes bind substrates in the active site (lock & key, induced fit)
Explain how enzymes form enzyme-substrate complex
Explain the central role of enzymes as catalysts
What is allosteric regulation?
What are the products of complete cellular respiration of glucose versus anaerobic respiration
(glycolysis alone, or glycolysis + fermentation)?
What is the difference between fermentation and complete oxidation of a substrate?
in energy yield, products, requirement for oxygen, prokaryotes or eukaryotes
What are the outcomes of glycolysis/ pyruvate oxidation/ TCA/ ETC?
What is needed to go in for each stage? What comes out?
What is the role of mRNA in the synthesis of proteins?
How does catabolism differ from anabolism?
What is gluconeogenesis?