Download Chapter 3 Review Questions

Chapter 2 Review Sheet
Name:_______________________
1. DNA and RNA are examples of ___nucleic acids______________.
2. Carbohydrates and lipids both contain the elements ____carbon__________,
__hydrogen__________, and ________oxygen_________.
3. Proteins are made of ___amino acids________________
4. __polynucleotides or nucleic acids____________ are made of nucleotides.
5. Examples of lipids include _____fats/oils, waxes, hormones (steroids), phospholipids (cell
membrane).
6. Sugars and starches are examples of ____carbohydrates_________________.
7. Muscle, skin, and enzymes are examples of ___proteins___________.
8. Nucleic acids are important because they contain your __genetic information__________.
9. ___Proteins______________ build living tissue and help in chemical reactions.
10. _____Lipids___________ are a source of long-term stored energy.
11. Organic molecules that have the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements
are called __isomers_________.
12. Carbohydrates are important because they __are the main source of energy for living things.
13. Meat, eggs, soy, and beans contain _proteins________.
14. Fruits, vegetables, cereal, and pasta contain _carbohydrates______________.
15. Lipids could be found in these foods: ___meat, vegetables (v. oil), grains (corn oil),
dairy_______.
16. Amino acids are linked by __peptide bonds___________.
17. The __”R”______ group attached to an amino acid determines what kind of amino acid is
present of the 20.
18. __Amino_____ and ______carboxyl__ functional groups are contained within an amino
acid.
19. The carbonyl functional group when located on the end of the compound is called
___carbonyl end (Aldehyde)____________.
20. Proteins will not function properly if they have the wrong __shape__________.
21. An ___enzyme__________ is made of proteins and catalyzes reactions
22. Monomers are linked together by the process of _____polymerization__________.
23. Polymers are broken apart by the process of ___hydrolysis________________.
24. The monomer of a nucleic acid is called a ____nucleotide_______________________.
25. The three parts that make up a nucleotide include _____phosphate group_________,
_______5 carbon sugar____________ and ____nitrogenous base__________.
26. Carbon can bond with so many other things because it has ____4____ valence electrons.
27. Draw an amino acid and label the three main parts that comprise the amino acid.
R Group
28. Explain why people are lactose intolerant. Be sure to include lactose, lactase, and
disaccharide in your response.
People who are lactose intolerant cannot digest the sugar known as lactose. Lactose is a
disaccharide found in milk and products derived from milk. The lactose intolerant person cannot
breakdown lactose into two monosaccharides because they do not have the enzyme lactase.
Lactose passes through their system causing digestion problems.
29. Explain the chemical reactions that join monomers together to make polymers and the
reaction that breaks polymers apart to form monomers.
The reaction that joins monomers together is called dehydration synthesis. An OH is removed
from one monomer and an H is removed from the other. These three atoms leave as H2O.
When the water leaves a bond is formed beteen the monomers. The dehydration synthesis
reaction builds polymers.
The other reaction that breaks down polymers into monomers is called hydrolysis. This reaction
involves the addition of H2O and is used to break polymers into smaller pieces so they can be
used by the cell.
30. Look at the images below. Label the following: monosaccharide, disaccharide,
polysaccharide, amino acid, nucleotide, saturated fatty acid, unsaturated fatty acid,
polyunsaturated fatty acid, and triglyceride (fat).
Monosaccharide
polysaccharide (cellulose)
Disaccharide
Amino Acid
Saturated fatty acid
Fat (triglyceride)
Unsaturated fatty acid
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Nucleotide