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BIOLOGY 110
STUDY GUIDE #2
1. What is a polysaccharide? What types of reactions are used to form and to break up a
polysaccharide? Know the distinguishing features of each of the following polysaccharides:
cellulose, starch, glycogen, and chitin.
2. Know the general features of lipids. Know the structural components of glycerides,
phospholipids, waxes, and steroids. What types of reactions are employed to make lipids and
to break them down?
3. Know the difference between fats and oils, and saturated and unsaturated fats.
4. What are some examples of the uses of proteins?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
What are the 4 components of an amino acid?
How many different amino acids are there?
What makes one amino acid different from another?
What type of reaction is used to string A.A.s into proteins?
What is the name applied to a covalent bond that is formed between two A.A.s in a
protein?
5. Characterize the difference between primary, secondary, tertiary, and quatenary structure
in proteins.
6. Explain protein denaturation and give an example of this chemical occurrence.
7. What are the 3 components of a nucleotide? Which of these may be different from nucleotide
to nucleotide and which remain the same?
8. List the 3 types of nucleotides, give their function, and give examples.
9. What is the function of DNA and RNA?
10. What are the 3 generalizations that compose the cell theory.
11. All cells have what 3 common structural features?
12. What is a prokaryotic cell? Give the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell. What is special
about the cyanobacteria as examples of prokaryotes?
13. What is the role of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells? Describe and give the functions of the
chromosomes, nucleolus, and nuclear envelope. Explain the technical difference between
chromatin and chromosomes
14 Describe the role of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
15. What is the role of the Golgi?
16. What is the role of the lysosomes?
17. What are microbodies? Where do they originate? Describe the role of peroxysomes and
glyoxysomes?
18. Describe the structure and function of the mitochondria?
19. Distinguish between plastids, chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts and list the
f
i
f
h
mitochomdrial matrix
intermembrane space
hydrogen peroxide
digestive vacuole
vesicle
sarcoplasmic
reticulum
hemoglobin
collagen alpha carbon
cholesterol phytosterols
estrogen and testosterone
bile acids collagen