Download Chapter 4 BSCS Green Sections 4.7

Chapter 4
BSCS Green Sections 4.7 – 4.12
Name___________________
Date_________ Hour_____
1. The ‘central’ element for life on Earth is:________________.
2. Name these 5 important elements to life: SPONCH
3. Organic chemistry is build around the ability of carbon to bond ____times
and form chain molecules and/or _______ molecules.
4. The four basic types of organic macromolecules present in life are:_________
5. How are large starch molecules made in a cell?__________________________
6. What type of macromolecule are enzymes?___________________________
7. What are the roles of nucleic acids?__________________________________
8. Where do you get the molecules you need for life?_______________________
9. Name two single sugar molecules:__________________________________
10. How is a double sugar formed in a cell?________________________________
11. Monosaccharides are :___________________
12. Disaccharides are:____________________
13. Polysaccharides are: ____________________________
14. Starches are used as:______________________________________
15. Cellulose is a polysaccharide used by plants to:_________________________
16. What is glycogen?____________________________________
17. What elements are present in lipids?____________
18. Lipids are formed in cells by joining _____ fatty acid molecules with ____
glycerol molecule.
19. Three examples of lipids are:_______________________________
20. A gram of fat (lipid) contains more than ________ as much __________ as a
gram of carbohydrate.
21. Protein molecules form cell ________________, ______________ and
______________ tissue.
22. Proteins are massive molecules (thousands of covalently bonded atoms) made
up of sub-units called ___________ __________.
23. There are _______ different amino acids that are used to make the proteins
of life.
24. Green plants can ________________ (produce) their own amino acids but
animals need to get their essential amino acids by __________________ them.
25. A __________________ is formed when two amino acids are linked together.
Diagram glyclyalanine here:
26. A polypeptide is a long chain of ____________ ________ linked together in a
specific order.
27. How many amino acids are linked together in the polypeptide illustrated in
4.18 (b)?_________
28. Polypeptide chains are coiled and folded into complex ___________________
shapes.
The shape of a protein is very critical to its ___________________.
29. The thousands of different enzymes control and direct thousands of different
life sustaining ____________ ______________ in all the different species.
30. Enzymes promote (catalyze) the chemical reactions in living cells BUT they
are not ________ _____ during the reactions.
31. Why are only small amounts of enzyme needed by cells?
32. Draw Figure 4.20 (a) below and label its parts.
33. Different enzymes are catalysts for either ________________ or
_________________ reactions.
34. In a synthesis reaction the enzyme ____________ together two smaller
molecules and forms one larger molecule.
35. In decomposition (or digestion) reactions the enzyme reacts with the
____________ molecules and splits it into ______ or more smaller molecules.
36. Lactose is the double sugar (disaccharide) present in milk. If a person
inherits the DNA instructions to make the enzyme lactase they are able to digest
lactose. If a person does not have the correct DNA instruction they are lactose
intolerant. The products of this reaction are glucose and galactose – two simple
sugars. Using the decomposition reaction in figure 4.21 as an example, draw
and illustrate the digestion of a lactose sugar molecule. Color and label each
molecule based upon the reading above.
36. What two abiotic factors in a cell can affect the rate at which enzymes
perform their specific reactions?__________________ and
________________
37. If you run a high fever for an extended period of time, what effect does it
have on your enzymes?
38. DNA is _________________________________________________. It is the
chemical of __________________. It controls all of the cell’s activities and
determines its _____________________.
38. RNA is ______________________________________. RNA works under the
direction of DNA and it is required by a cell to manufacture its
_______________ molecules.
39. DNA and RNA are made up of smaller molecules (sub-units) called
________________.
40. The coding of DNA and RNA is slightly different. The 5 carbon sugars are
different and the nitrogen bases are different. All of the beautiful varieties
of life are coded by sequences of these nitrogen bases in the beautiful coiled
______________ helix of DNA. So DNA is really ‘kool’.