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nal Exam Study Guide
ltiple Choice
ntify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
he work of scientists usually begins with ______________
cience differs from other disciplines, such as history and the arts, because science relies on _________
formation gathered from observing a plant grow 3 cm over a two-week period results in ___________
ou suggest that the presence of water could accelerate the growth of bread mold. This is a __________….
What is a hypothesis?
ypotheses may arise from ____________________.
What is a valid hypothesis for why a plant appears to be dying?
science, a hypothesis is useful only if it is __________________
How scientists work?
A controlled experiment allows the scientist to isolate and test _______________
When enough experimental data support a hypothesis, the hypothesis becomes a(an)_______
Biology is the study of ___________
Which characteristics of living things best explains why birds fly south for the winter?
Cell specialization in multicellular organisms allows cells to
The amount of light and temperature are examples of
The process by which organisms keep their internal conditions fairly constant is called
Which of the following terms includes all the others?
Which level of organization includes all of the other levels?
n the metric system, the basic unit of length is the
How many centimeters are in 2.4 km?
The basic unit of mass in SI is the
Safety procedures are important when working
What types of living organisms should you NOT come into contact with in your biology laboratory?
Because you may come in contact with organisms you cannot see, what safety procedure MUST be followed?
The three particles that make up atoms are
The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom contains
The nucleus is made up of
f a chlorine atom had 17 protons and 18 neutrons, it would be called
Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?
Which of the following makes up a molecule of water?
A covalent bond is formed as the result of
What type of electron is available to form bonds?
The most abundant compound in most living things is
A solution is a(an)
When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water is
What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals?
A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction is called a(an)
Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells?
The cell theory applies to
Prokaryotes lack
Which of the following contain a nucleus?
Which of the following organisms are prokaryotes?
Which of the following is a function of the nucleus?
Which of the following is NOT found in the nucleus?
Which of the following statements explains why the nucleus is important to cells?
Which organelle breaks down food into molecules the cell can use?
Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
Which organelle would you expect to find in plant cells but not animal cells?
Which structures carry out cell movement?
The main function of the cell wall is to
You will NOT find a cell wall in which of these kinds of organisms?
Which structures serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?
Which function of the cell membrane?
The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side to the other. What are these channels and
pumps made of?
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from ____________
Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called __________
Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called ___________
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called ________
What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?
When is energy is released from ATP?
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into _______________
n the overall equation for photosynthesis, six molecules of carbon dioxide result in six molecules of ______
Plants gather the sun’s energy with light-absorbing molecules called __________
Plants take in the sun’s energy by absorbing __________
Which region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?
f carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of
high-energy sugars?
What affects the rate of photosynthesis?
What is released during cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce _____________
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration releases energy by breaking down _______________
What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of ____________
The starting molecule for glycolysis is ___________
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in _____________
The two main types of fermentation are called ________________
Which process is used to produce beer and wine?
Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires __________________
Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of _________________
f you want to control your weight, how long should you exercise aerobically each time that you exercise?
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?
The products of photosynthesis are the __________________
During his voyage on the Beagle, What did Charles Darwin observe?
Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after_______________
n 1859, Charles Darwin published his revolutionary scientific ideas in a work titled _____________
What is Darwin’s theory of evolution?
What proportion of all species that have ever lived has become extinct?
Earth’s most recent era is the ________________
Fossilized evidence of Earth’s first forms of life would consist of _________________
Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms________________
Scientists assign each kind of organism a universally accepted name in the system known as __________
The most general and largest category in Linnaeus’s system is ________________
Traditional classifications tended to take into account primarily ____________
The procedure of grouping organisms based on their evolutionary history is called ______________
Similar genes are evidence of _________________
.What do all organisms have in common?
.The two domains composed of only unicellular organisms are ________________
.What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things?
Figure 19–2
.Figure 19–2 shows how prokaryotes can be identified by ______________
.Which cell shape in Figure 19–2 is called a coccus?
.When treated with Gram stain, Gram-positive eubacteria appear _____________
.Bacilli, cocci, and spirilla are _______________
.Which of the following describes a role of bacteria in the environment?
.Bacteria are sometimes called nature’s recyclers because they _________________
.Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots are called
___________________
.Humans use bacteria to ____________________
.The outer protein coat of a virus is called a __________________
.All viruses are made of proteins and _________________
.The instructions for making new copies of a virus are _________________
.Bacteriophages infect __________________
.Which of the following is a way that bacteria cause disease?
.Bacteria that cause disease are called ___________________
.Which diseases are caused by a bacterium?
.What is a viral disease?
.How can viral diseases can be treated?
. What do scientists use to learn about the natural world?
. What is the scientific method?
.What is the variable that is deliberately changed?
.What are the smallest units that are considered to be alive?
.What is the metric system is based on?
.What is the basic unit of matter?
.What is a substance made up of only one kind of atom?
.Water is the greatest _______ in the world.
.If a cell contains a nucleus, it must be a _________________________.
.Ribosomes stud the surface of _______ endoplasmic reticulum.
0.The main function of the _______ is to provide support and protection.
.Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and some other substances can/cannot pass through the cell wall
.The ___________ regulates which substances enter and leave a cell.
.The energy in most food comes originally from _________________________
.__________s require oxygen
.________is one of the principal chemical compounds that living things use to store energy.
.If you grind up the chloroplasts found in spinach leaves into a liquid solution, the solution will have a ________color.
.Either cellular respiration or fermentation can be used to release energy, depending on the presence of
_________________________
.The reactants of photosynthesis are the same as the ________ of cellular respiration.
.An organism may have different ____________ that vary from area to area and language to language.
.In ________________, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
.In the name Ursus maritimus, the first term of the name refers to the _________________________
.Linnaeus’s system of classification uses seven _________________________
.Many archaebacteria live in extreme environments, such as in Utah’s Great Salt Lake. _________________________
Figure 19–2
.Figure 19–2 shows the three shapes of _________________________
.The spiral-shaped organism labeled B in Figure 19–2 is an example of a. _________________________
.Bacteria can be used to synthesize _______ through genetic-engineering techniques.
.Bacteria are used in the production of a variety of. _________________________
._______ is the name of a bacteriophage
._______ is a preparation of weakened or killed virus or viral proteins.