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Chapter 4 Structure and Function of Cells
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter, you should be able to accomplish the following outcomes.
Cells: What Are They?
1. Be aware of the importance of microscopes to our knowledge of cells.
Cells Are the Basic Units of Life
2. Cite the three tenets of the cell theory.
3. Compare and contrast the three commonly used types of microscopes.
4. Compare and contrast various types of cells.
Protein Synthesis Is a Major Function of Cells
5. Describe the structure and function of the nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic
reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
Vesicles and Vacuoles Have Varied Functions
6. Describe the structure and function of lysosomes and peroxisomes.
7. Describe the varied functions of vacuoles and/or vesicles in protists, plants, and
animals.
A Cell Carries Out Energy Transformations
8. Compare and contrast the structure and function of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
9. Explain the endosymbiotic theory and the evidence that supports it.
10. Discuss in general the role of mitochondria in human diseases.
The Cytoskeleton Maintains Cell Shape and Assists Movement
11. Compare and contrast the structure and function of actin filaments, intermediate
filaments, and microtubules.
In Multicellular Organisms, Cells Join Together
12. Describe the modifications of a cell’s surface and how they function.