Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Bio 226: Cell and Molecular Biology
Document related concepts
Transcript
Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. 1. Phytoremediation • Atrazine and other triazine herbicides • Neonicotinoid pesticides (e.g. imidacloprid) • Metals, other mine or fracking waste? Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. 1. Phytoremediation 2. Plant products • Why do they make them? • When do they make them? • Where do they make them? • How do they make them? Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. 1. Phytoremediation 2. Plant products 3. Biofuels • What would make a good biofuel? • How and where to grow it? • Can we get plants to make diesel, H2 (g) or electricity? Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. 1. Phytoremediation 2. Plant products 3. Biofuels 4. Climate/CO2 change • How will plants be affected? • Can we use plants to help alleviate it? • Effects of elevated CO2 on various plant processes • C3 vs C4 vs CAM? Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. 1. Phytoremediation 2. Plant products 3. Biofuels 4. Climate/CO2 change 5. Stress responses, eg drought, starvation, shaking, temp • Structural • Biochemical (including C3 vs C4 vs CAM) • Cyanide-resistant respiration • Other (dormancy, carnivory, etc) Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. 1. Phytoremediation 2. Plant products 3. Biofuels 4. Climate/CO2 change 5. Stress responses/stress avoidance 6. Improving food production • Breeding: new traits to pick & ways to find them • Roots? • GMO • New crops Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. 1. Phytoremediation 2. Plant products 3. Biofuels 4. Climate/CO2 change 5. Stress responses/stress avoidance 6. Improving food production 7. Biotechnology 8. Plant movements 9. Plant signaling (including neurobiology) 10. Flowering? 11. Regeneration? Seed germination? Endomembrane system Organelles derived from the ER 1) ER 2) Golgi 3) Vacuoles 4) Plasma Membrane 5) Nuclear Envelope 6) Endosomes 7) Oleosomes Endomembrane System Oleosomes: oil storage bodies derived from SER Surrounded by lipid monolayer! • filled with lipids: no internal hydrophobic effect! endosymbionts • derived by division of preexisting organelles • no vesicle transport •Proteins & lipids are not glycosylated endosymbionts •derived by division of preexisting organelles • little exchange of membranes with other organelles 1) Peroxisomes (microbodies) Peroxisomes (microbodies) 1 membrane Peroxisomes (microbodies) found in (nearly) all eukaryotes 1 membrane Fn: 1) destroy H2O2, other O2-related poisons Peroxisomes Fn: 1. destroy H2O2, other O2-related poisons 2. change fat to CH2O (glyoxysomes) Peroxisomes Fns: 1. destroy H2O2, other O2-related poisons 2. change fat to CH2O (glyoxysomes) 3. Detoxify & recycle photorespiration products Peroxisomes Fn: 1. 2. 3. 4. destroy H2O2, other O2-related poisons change fat to CH2O (glyoxysomes) Detoxify & recycle photorespiration products Destroy EtOH (made in anaerobic roots) Peroxisomes ER can make peroxisomes under special circumstances! e.g. peroxisome-less mutants can restore peroxisomes when the wild-type gene is restored endosymbionts 1) Peroxisomes (microbodies) 2) Mitochondria Mitochondria Bounded by 2 membranes Mitochondria 2 membranes Smooth OM Mitochondria 2 membranes Smooth OM IM folds into cristae Mitochondria -> 4 compartments 1) OM 2) intermembrane space 3) IM 4) matrix Mitochondria matrix contains DNA, RNA and ribosomes Mitochondria matrix contains DNA, RNA and ribosomes Genomes vary from 100,000 to 2,500,000 bp, but only 40-43 genes Mitochondria matrix contains DNA, RNA and ribosomes Genomes vary from 100,000 to 2,500,000 bp, but only 40-43 genes Reproduce by fission Mitochondria matrix contains DNA, RNA and ribosomes Genomes vary from 100,000 to 2,500,000 bp, but only 40-43 genes Reproduce by fission IM is 25% cardiolipin, a bacterial phospholipid Mitochondria Genomes vary from 100,000 to 2,500,000 bp, but only 40-43 genes Reproduce by fission IM is 25% cardiolipin, a bacterial phospholipid Genes most related to Rhodobacteria Mitochondria Fn : cellular respiration -> oxidizing food & supplying energy to cell Also make many important biochemicals Mitochondria Fn : cellular respiration -> oxidizing food & supplying energy to cell Also make important biochemicals & help recycle PR products Mitochondria Fn : cellular respiration -> oxidizing food & supplying energy to cell Also make important biochems & help recycle PR prods • Have extra oxidases: burn off excess NADH or NADPH?
