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Biology II Honors
Semester review
1. Human blood has a pH of about 7.4. This is _______________
2. the subatomic particle of an atom that has a positive charge is __________
3. The subatomic particle of an atom that has a negative charge is __________
4. The subatomic particle of an atom that has no charge is ____________
5. Describe the water molecule
6. Describe an orbital
7. Describe ionic bonds
8. Describe the pH scale
9. Why does a coastal area have a moderate climate?
10. Describe polar covalent bonds
11. What contributes to acid rain?
12. If the pH of cytoplasm is 7.2 then the cytoplasm is _______
13. What carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants?
14. What type of molecule is used for storage?
15. A hydrocarbon is hydrophobic except when __________________
16. What carbohydrate is found in the exoskeleton of insects or crabs?
17. A dehydration reaction can also be called a ___________ reaction since it forms
water
18. What are the four most common elements found in living organisms?
19. A protein is a polymer make up of what monomer?
20. A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of what monomer?
21. What lipid forms a bilayer between two watery regions of the plasma membrane
of the cell?
22. What term describes molecules that have identical molecular formulas but the
atoms in each molecule are arranged differently?
23. The diversity of organic molecules is due to what?
24. Describe DNA
25. A lipid is a polymer made up of what type of monomers?
26. Describe a bacteria’s anatomy
27. Membrane – bound vesicles that contain enzymes for oxidizing small organic
molecule with the formation of hydrogen peroxide are ___________
28. What are some reasons for the small size of cells?
29. What are some organelles of plant cells?
30. What is the pH of lysosomes?
31. Describe ribosomes
32. What type of cells do not have a cell wall?
33. Describe chloroplasts
34. Describe the cell theory
35. The cells that line our respiratory tract, and one celled paramecia both have these
short hair like projections
36. Compare eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
37. Describe mitochondria
38. How does turgor pressure occur in plants?
39. How does the sodium-potassium pump work?
40. Define osmosis
41. How are cell products secreted from the cell?
Biology II Honors
Semester review
42. The current theory of the structure of the plasma membrane is best describe by the
_____________ model
43. Describe the plasma membrane
44. How do sugars and amino acids come into the cell?
45. What occurs when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
46. If phagocytosis can be compared to cellular eating, then pinocytosis is compared
to the cell _________________
47. Describe diffusion
48. Pinocytosis is an example of ____________________
49. Describe the orientation of the phospholipid bilayer with regards to the cell
membrane
50. Whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon ___________
51. What conditions affect the activity of an enzyme?
52. Give examples of potential energy
53. What are the subunits of ATP?
54. What is the importance of ATP?
55. Energy coupling of endergoinic and exergonic reactions within cells
56. Potential energy is best described as the ____________________________
57. Coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is
_______________________
58. How do poisons work?
59. Solar energy is stored in what molecules during photosynthesis?
60. Describe enzyme inhibition?
61. Describe the accepted theory of how an enzyme and its substrate fit together
62. Describe enzymes
63. Name the components of a chemical equation
64. What will denature a protein?
65. What are coenzymes?
66. All of the biochemical pathways in a cell constitute _______________
67. In the electron transport systems of chloroplasts and mitochondira, ____________
__________________________________________________________________
68. What is involved in the second law of thermodynamics?
69. Describe noncyclic electron pathway
70. What are major photosynthetic pigments?
71. Describe photosystem I and photosystem II
72. Why are plants gree?
73. compare the action spectrum with the absorption spectrum
74. Most food plants, such as wheat, oats, and rice are from what group of plants?
75. The Calvin cycle requires ________________________ to occur
76. What is the end product of the Calvin cycle?
77. G3P is used by plants for the formation of what?
78. What are the products of photosynthesis?
79. Carbon dioxide movement into a plant leaf involves what?
80. Protons accumulate in the thylakoid space during ETC between photosystems I
and II. The excess of protons are used for what?
81. What are stroma?
Biology II Honors
Semester review
82. Describe photosynthesis in terms of photosystems
83. What organisms are capable of photosynthesis?
84. The major enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of carbon dioxide is called
_________________
85. The first reaction in the citric acid cydle is binding _______________
86. Acetyl-CoA is produced from __________________
87. What process produces both NADH and FADH2?
88. Cellular respiration yields about _________ of the energy of glucose in ATP
molecules
89. What process occurs before fermentation?
90. One turn of the citric acid cycle produces __________________
91. What connects glycolysis with the final stages of the aerobic pathways?
92. What process occurs in the cytosol?
93. Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in __________ ATP molecules.
94. the end products of eukaryotic cellular aerobic respiration includes what?
95. The preparatory reaction breaks what?
96. The large number of ATP’s produced are _________________________
97. Describe the citric acid cycle
98. For aerobic respiration to occur, what has to happen?
99. The amino acids we cannot synthesize are called _________ because
we_____________
100.
What is the first process in breaking down glucose?