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Transcript
Chapter 4 Review Sheet 1. The process by which plants capture energy from the sun to build carbohydrates is _____________. photosynthesis 2. Photosynthesis changes _____________ energy into _____________ energy. Light, chemical 3. What types of organisms perform photosynthesis? Plants and algae 4. The primary goal of photosynthesis is to build ________________. Glucose 5. Write the equation for photosynthesis. 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 6. What are the two types of reactions in photosynthesis? Light-dependent and light-independent What does each type do? Light – convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP) Dark – use the ATP to build glucose 7. In what organelle does photosynthesis take place? chloroplasts 8. Light absorbing molecules in the thylakoid membranes that absorb certain wavelengths of light are called ________________. Pigments 9. The most common pigment is _______________ and it reflects __________ -colored light. Chlorophyll, green 10. Why do leaves change color in the fall? Why aren’t they those different colors all year round? The chlorophyll is reabsorbed by the plant and the other pigments present reflect other colors of light. Chlorophyll is much more common and so green is what is primarily reflected. 11. What type of energy starts the process of photosynthesis? What happens next? Light energy. Electrons in the chlorophyll are excited and pass down the electron transport chain releasing the energy as they go. 12. What are two products of the light-dependent reactions? What is the waste product? ATP and NADPH; oxygen 13. How are the electrons used during the electron transport chain replaced? What is that process called? Is it a light reaction or a dark reaction? Water molecules are split into oxygen, hydrogen ions and electrons. Photolysis, a light reaction 14. What process occurs during the light-independent reactions? What products from the light reactions does it use? Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH 15. What gas is required for the dark reactions to occur? Carbon dioxide 16. The final product of the Calvin Cycle is _____________________. glucose 17. What is the equation for photosynthesis? In what process is each reactant used? In what process is each product made? 18. What can happen to the glucose made in photosynthesis? Photosynthesis Equation Light Energy 6CO2 + 6H2O Carbon Dioxide from the air – Used in the Calvin Cycle during the Dark Reactions chlorophyll C6H12O6 + 6O2 Glucose Made in the Calvin Cycle during the Dark Reactions Water Split during Photolysis in the Light Reactions Oxygen Released during Photolysis in the Light Reactions Plants can use this glucose molecule for energy during Cellular Respiration. Plants can also convert this glucose molecule into other organic compounds such as proteins and fats/lipids or other carbohydrates like starch and cellulose 19. What three factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis? Carbon dioxide, temperature, intensity of light 20. What is the gaseous waste product of photosynthesis? Oxygen 21. The process by which food molecules are broken down to produce ATP is called ______________. Cellular respiration 22. What types of organisms perform cellular respiration? Plants and animals 23. Cellular respiration changes ___________ energy into ________ energy. Organic chemical energy (glucose) into inorganic chemical energy (ATP) 24. In what organelle does most of cellular respiration take place? mitochondria 25. What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain 26. Which step is anaerobic? What does that mean? Glycolysis, it does not require oxygen 27. The primary goal of cellular respiration is to build ___________. Explain how energy is released and stored with this molecule. ATP, When one of the three phosphates is released, energy is released. When a phosphate is bound to the remaining two phosphates, energy is stored. 28. What are the products of Glycolysis? Pyruvic acid, ATP, and NADH 29. What are the products of the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)? Carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH, and ATP 30. What are the products of the electron transport chain? ATP and water 31. What happens to the oxygen used in cellular respiration? It joins hydrogen to become water 32. What is the gaseous waste product of cellular respiration? Carbon dioxide 33. What is the equation for cellular respiration? In what process is each reactant used? Where do the reactants come from? In what process is each product made? 34. How many ATP can be produces by cellular respiration? Cellular Respiration Equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 Glucose made in photosynthesis by plants or consumed by animals 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Carbon Dioxide – waste product of the Citric Acid Cycle Oxygen from the atmosphere Used in Electron Transport Chain Used in Glycolysis Water – released from Electron Transport Chain ATP released from Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain Between 34-36 ATP can be made with this process. This ATP can be used by the cells for cellular metabolism. 35. Compare the role of glucose in photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Photosynthesis stores energy from the sun as glucose. Cellular respiration releases energy in glucose to make ATP. 36. What are the two types of fermentation? Why would they occur? Lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation – when there is no (or not enough) oxygen 37. What types of organisms can perform lactic acid fermentation? Animals 38. What types of organisms can perform alcoholic fermentation? Yeast and some bacteria 39. Photosynthesis Stores Energy as glucose Cellular Respiration Releases Energy in glucose Performs Carbon Fixation Uses an Electron Transport Chain Occurs in Living Cells Releases Oxygen Releases Carbon Dioxide Creates Energy Neither!