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Unit Name: Science in Sports Lesson Name: The Nervous System (Voluntary and Involuntary Reaction) Objectives: To introduce the idea that nerves carry messages throughout the body and there are two main kinds of reactions that are changed/used in sports. Target Age Group: 2-5 Graders Materials: One 12 inch ruler and one stop watch per group Introductory Lecture: Start by asking them about what their favorite sports? Talk about one sport in particular.. like soccer. Ask them what muscles are involved in playing the sports… hopefully they will say calves, etc etc and also the heart and muscles that control the diaphragm for breathing, etc. Ask them how do these muscle know to move; what tells them? Hopefully they will say spinal cord and brain How does the brain and spinal chord tell these muscles what to do? Nerve cells!!! (like playing telephone) Today we are going to talk about the nervous system and how it relates to sports. What are the parts of the nervous system? (show pics) Nerves Spinal Cord Brain (Central nervous system is brain and spine) Neuron: Cell body: contain the organelles that keep the cell alive Dendrites: receive information from another cell Axon: conduct messages away from cell body Three types of neurons: Sensory neuron: connect sensory organs to central nervous system (what are sensory organs? Give examples… like eyes, ears, tongue?) Motor neuron: connect central nervous system to muscles What muscles? Interneurons: connect neurons with neurons Voluntary versus involuntary reaction In voluntary reaction, you require a conscious processing of information. (signal goes all the way to brain and we actually think about what to do and then control the muscles with thinking) What are some examples of voluntary reaction?? In involuntary reaction, you react without thinking. At this point, split into two groups to talk about each system and do each activity separately. Then the two groups switch. Voluntary Reaction: We talked before about muscles and using your muscles in sports to say hit a ball (in baseball). How do we know when to hit the ball? We see the ball, we think about how to hit it and then we move out muscles How does what the eye see get through to the muscle? Where does this message travel through the body? Message goes to the central nervous system… brain and spine Brain or spine process what to do Nerve cell carries message to the muscles Muscles contract and you swing at the ball. What affects reaction time? Age: shortens from infancy into late 20s and then gets longer to the 50s and 60s How awake you are/ other impairments How much you practice. Does this explain why most athletes are pretty young? 20s-30s Mean age of gymnasts is 14-15 Why? Due to slower nervous speed; also old people tend to be careful Does practicing make you faster at reacting? (Yes.. theoretically up to a certain point) What are other examples of impairments? (fatigue, dizziness, etc) Now do activity Instructions: One student hold a ruler in the air with 0 inch marking closer to the ground. A second student holds thumb and forefinger around the ruler at the 0 inch mark. The first student drops the ruler without warning and the second student tries to catch it as fast as possible. Repeat 10 times and record the measurement where the ruler is caught. At the end, come back and look at results…. Who got better? Tutor versus kid reaction time Voluntary Reaction Worksheet A batter has less than 0.25 seconds to react to a fast ball. How fat can you react? Draw the path through your body that the signals travel that allow you to catch the ruler. Convert the distance dropped to a reaction time using the table: distance dropped Reaction time 2 inches 0.10 seconds 4 inches 0.14 seconds 6 inches 0.18 seconds 8 inches 0.20 seconds 10 inches 0.23 seconds 12 inches 0.25 seconds 14 inches 0.27 seconds 16 inches 0.29 seconds 18 inches 0.31 seconds My Reaction Time Data: Trial Number Distance caught (Inches) Reaction Time (seconds) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 My Tutor’s Reaction Time Data: Trial Number Distance caught (Inches) Reaction Time (seconds) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Would you be able to see the baseball and swing the bat in time? With more practice could you do it? Involuntary Reaction: 1. What happens to your body when you run? a. breath faster b. heart beat faster c. sweat d. thrity 2. What else controlled by involuntary nervous system? (show the diagraph below) a. heart b. lungs c. viscera d. glands 3. Can you control these systems? a. No, but your general health condition can make a difference in some of them. Use heart rate as an example. Facts about heart rate bpm (beats per minute) – unit for measuring heart rate Average Resting Heart Rate for Various Ages Age range (bpm) Average (bpm) 0-1 month 100-180 2-3 months 4-12 months 1-3 years 4-5 years 6-8 years 9-11 years 12-16 years >16 years Athelet Polar bear 110-180 80-180 80-160 80-120 70-115 60-110 60-110 50-90 40-60 (130) (100) (100) (88) (80) (70) (50) 46 Note: A trained athlete's heart can pump more blood with each beat so his or her heart rate is slower. Lance Armstrong (famous biker) has resting heart rate of 32-34bpm! Heart rate increases during exercise During exercise, the heart rate increases in order to pump more blood (which carries oxygen) to the working muscles. The brain sends nerve signals to the heart to control the rate. What else can change heart beat? When we are excited, scared, or anxious our heart gets a signal to beat faster. During a fever, the heart beats faster to bring more blood to the surface of the body to release heat and cool the body. The heart rate increases during and after a meal to send more blood to the digestive system. Activity Students will discover how their heart rate changes with exercise Involuntary Reaction Worksheet Resting heart rate (bpm) Student 1 Student 2 Student 3 Tutor Heart rate after 30 jumping jack (bpm) Heart rate after running around the building for 1 min (bpm)