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Chapter 14 Global Climate Change
Matching Questions
1) Greenhouse gas produced by feedlots, chemical manufacturing, auto emissions,
and fertilizer use
2) Atmospheric component that contributes to short-term atmospheric cooling
3) Potent greenhouse gas produced as matter decomposes in landfills and when
rice is grown
4) Primary greenhouse gas; produced by burning fossil fuels and monitored by
Charles Keeling
A) methane
B) carbon dioxide
C) water vapor
D) nitrous oxide
E) chlorofluorocarbons
F) carbon monoxide
G) sulfate aerosol
H) ozone
I) biodiesel
5) Most abundant greenhouse gas
Short Answer Question
1) Define the term greenhouse gas and list examples.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
1) The ________ mandates reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to levels equal to or lower than those in 1990.
2) ________ act as carbon sinks and their removal, especially in areas where they are slow to recover, can reduce the
biosphere's ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
3) Proxy indicators such as gas bubbles trapped in ________ and pollen in sediments' cores can be used to evaluate
Earth's past atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and climate conditions.
4) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions to reduce global climate change is the strategy of ________.
5) As of 2009, most sea level rise is caused by ________
6) Rapid melting of the Greenland ice cap could drastically change Europe's climate by interrupting the _ _ ____.
7) A new measure of evaluating your personal impact on global climate change is to calculate your _____ __
_.
Multiple-choice Questions
1) The largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the United States is ________, followed by ________.
A) agriculture; transportation
D) electricity generation; transportation
B) electricity generation; agriculture
E) agriculture; electricity generation
C) electricity generation; industry
2) Charles Keeling's data demonstrated seasonal variations in carbon dioxide concentrations in the troposphere
because ________.
A) Northern hemisphere vegetation absorbs more carbon during the summer.
B) Northern hemisphere vegetation releases more carbon during the summer.
C) more people drive cars in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer.
D) oceans release more carbon during the summer.
E) oceans release more carbon during the winter.
3) ________ concentrations have increased the most since 1750.
A) Water vapor
C) Nitrous oxide
B) Carbon dioxide
D) Ozone
E) Methane
4) Carbon dioxide is ________.
A) the most potent (per molecule gas) of the greenhouse gases
B) the most abundant greenhouse gas
C) the only greenhouse gas presently decreasing in the atmosphere
D) the main anthropogenic greenhouse gas produced in the United States
E) the only greenhouse gas presently increasing in the atmosphere
5) Milankovitch cycles ________.
A) refer to shifts in the temperature of surface water in the middle latitudes of the Pacific Ocean
B) are changes in the Earth's rotation and orbit around the sun that affect climate
C) describe the movement of carbon through Earth's food webs
D) describe the transpiration, evaporation, and precipitation of Earth's water
E) describe upwelling and downwelling in the ocean
6) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ________.
A) constructed the Kyoto Protocol
B) performed research demonstrating global climate change
C) is an international panel that concluded that climate change has influenced biomes and economies
D) fines companies that pollute
E) could not achieve its objectives because of lack of popular support
7) Keeling's reports from Mauna Loa demonstrated ________.
A) an increase in CO2 from the 1950s to present
B) that sediments deposited on the sea floor can yield clues about past climates
C) that as distances from cities decreased, CO2 concentrations increased
D) that CO2 levels have been stable over the last 40 years
E) the presence of El Niño
8) As water warms ________.
A) its density increases
B) it expands
C) it sinks
D) it dissolves increased amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
E) it is irreversibly altered
9) Close to ________% of U.S. residents live in coastal areas.
A) 10
D) 50
B) 20
E) 70
C) 30
10) El Niño and La Niña ________.
A) both decrease water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean
B) both increase water temperatures in the eastern Pacific Ocean
C) both increase water temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico
D) occur in precise patterns every 10 years
E) both result in changes in global precipitation patterns
11) Kyoto is to carbon dioxide as Montreal is to ________.
A) nitrous oxide
B) ozone
C) methane
D) chlorofluorocarbons
E) carbon monoxide
12) In legislation, the precautionary principle states that ________.
A) caution be used in handling hazardous wastes
B) lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used to postpone measures to prevent environmental degradation
C) alterations to legislation be done in a way that maximizes environmental protection at the urging of scientists
without recourse from the voting public
D) all alternative sources of energy should be evaluated by the scientific community before they are marketed
E) permit-trading should be undertaken with caution
13) The exceptionally strong warming of the eastern Pacific Ocean is referred to as ________.
A) the Coriolis effect
C) El Niño
E) the Keeling effect
B) La Niña
D) the Hadley effect
14) The Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC in 2007 has probably underestimated the rise of global sea levels
because it does not take into account ________.
A) the release of nitrous oxide from fertilizers
B) sequestration of carbon dioxide by U.S. coal-burning electrical generating plants
C) the rapid rate of melting of the Greenland ice cap
D) the higher albedo of ocean water
E) the removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by photosynthesis
15) All of the following would be effective strategies to reduce the rate of global climate change, except ________.
A) doubling the fuel efficiencies of cars
B) increase the production of wind generated electricity by 50 times
C) halt tropical deforestation and double reforestation
D) convert 500 natural gas burning electrical generation plants to coal
E) maximize the energy efficiency of all buildings
True/False Questions
1) Coal use in the United States accounts for most greenhouse gas emissions.
2) Major volcanic eruptions and the aerosols they release contribute to short-term warming of Earth's climate.
3) Removal of forests reduces the Earth's ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
4) According to data released in 2008, Canada and the U.S. have achieved the greenhouse gas reductions set by the
Kyoto Protocol.
5) A university or city that achieves carbon neutrality emits no net carbon dioxide.
6) The high standards set by the U.S. government for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases is forcing individual
states to follow suit and enact stricter state laws.