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OBJECTIVES:
*What does DNA look like in different cells?
* How does DNA help make proteins?
* What happens if a gene changes?
*What is heredity?
*How did Gregor Mendel study heredity?
*Explain meiosis
Heredity
Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each
term maybe used only once. Some terms may not be used.
heredity
genotype
dominant traits
recessive traits
probability
sex chromosomes
phenotype
pedigree
allele
1. In the second generation,
reappear after
disappearing in the first generation.
2. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
.
3. An organism’s appearance is its
.
4. An organism’s inherited alleles together form its
5. If each parent has the same recessive trait, the
.
of
the offspring having the trait goes up.
6. To trace a trait through generations of a family, you can use a(n)
.
UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS
Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided.
7. What kind of plant produces offspring with the same traits as the
parent?
a. self-pollinating
b. cross-pollinating
c. true-breeding
d. nonbreeding
8. What do you call one set of instructions for an inherited trait?
a. alleles
b. phenotype
c. albinism
d. genes
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and
changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Science and Technology
48
Heredity
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Chapter Test B continued
9. Two forms of a gene, one from each parent, are called a.
alleles.
b. phenotypes.
c. albinism.
d. genes.
10. Offspring that are different from both parents are produced by a.
asexual reproduction.
b. something going wrong.
c. sexual reproduction.
d. mitosis.
11. What are chromosomes that carry the same sets of genes?
a. twin chromosomes
b. homologous chromosomes
c. ordinary chromosomes
d. asexual chromosomes
12. In humans, what are the sex chromosomes of females?
13. In humans, what are the sex chromosomes of males?
14. What is incomplete dominance?
CRITICAL THINKING
15. Peas can both cross-pollinate and self-pollinate. Why was this a key
factor in
Mendel’s work?
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and
changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Science and Technology
49
Heredity
Name
Class
Date
Chapter Test B continued
16. How is a new cell at the end of meiosis different from the parent cell at
the
start of meiosis?
17. Explain how a chromatid in the first step of meiosis is different from a
chromatid in the seventh step of meiosis.
18. How can a mutation in a DNA base sequence cause a change in a gene and a
trait?
What determines whether the mutation is passed on to offspring?
19. Give two ways that genetic fingerprinting can be used.
20. Does meiosis happen in all cells? Explain your answer.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and
changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Science and Technology
50
Heredity
Name
Class
Date
Chapter Test B continued
INTERPRETING GRAPHICS
Use the Punnett square below to answer questions 18–20. Write the letter of
the
correct answer in the space provided.
21. In which box is Pp?
22. In which box is PP?
23. In which box is pp?
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and
changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Science and Technology
51
Heredity
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