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Brochure
More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2183059/
Engineering the Genetic Code. Expanding the Amino Acid Repertoire for the
Design of Novel Proteins
Description:
The chemistry of the life is based on defined number of the generic monomeric building blocks. For
example, twenty canonical alpha–amino acids are encoded for basic protein syntheses in all organisms.
The central issue of this book are experimental strategies and techniques to expand the number of the
amino acids for protein biosyntheses. This requires the reprogramming of protein translation machinery by
changing the coding capacities of standard genetic code – a main goal of the genetic code engineering as
new research field.
Such genetically encoded protein modifications achieved by introducing non–canonical amino acids both in
vitro and in vivo have greatly expanded the repertoire of accessible proteins for basic research and
biotechnological application.
The researchers and students are provided with a comprehensive coverage of important new principles of
different methods and strategies to incorporate new or modified amino acids into proteins including a lot of
practical advice for first–time users of these powerful approaches.
Numerous examples, made possible by the expansion of the genetic code, are given in order to cover the
entire spectrum of novel applications in protein biochemistry, genomics, biotechnology and biomedicine.
Some other interesting aspects discussed in this book include the relations between prebiotic
(extraterrestrial, meteoritic, interstellar) and encoded amino acids; the possibility to couple engineered
metabolic circuits with reprogrammed translation; to remodel current life and progressively develop truly
novel life forms, as well as possible ethical implications of such experiments on human societies.
Essential reading for all molecular life scientists who want to stay ahead in their research.
Contents:
INTRODUCTION
Classical Approaches for Protein Modification
Protein Total Synthesis
Basic Definitions and Taxonomy
HISTORY OF AN EXPANDED AMINO ACID REPERTOIRE
Cell–free Synthesis of Proteins
Noncanonical Amino Acids as Tools for Studying Metabolism
Genetic Code Engineering
BASIC FEATURES OF THE CELLULAR TRANSLATION APPARATUS
Ribosome–mediated Protein Synthesis
tRNAs and tRNA Synthetases
Translational Proofreading
Ribosomal Decoding, Codon Bias and Translational Fidelity
Context–dependent Recoding
Post–translational Modifications
GENETIC CODE ORGANISATION AND PROTEIN STRUCTURE
The Universal Genetic Code
Natural Variations in Codon Assignment
Codon Reassignment and Codon Ambiguity
REPROGRAMMING THE CELLULAR TRANSLATION MACHINERY
Enzyme Specificity and Code Interpretation
Reassigning Coding and Non–Coding Units
In vitro Chemical and Enzymatic tRNA Aminoacylation
Novel Codon–Anticodon Base Pairs
Stop Codon Takover
Suppression–Based Methods
Future Approaches
IMPLICATIONS AND INSIGHTS
Evolution of the Amino Acid Repertoire
Artificial Genetic Systems
De novo Design of Organisms
Chances and Risks
APPLICATIONS FOR REPROGRAMMED CELLULAR TRANSLATION
Genetically Encoded Protein Surface Diversity
Applications in Structural Biology
Atomic Mutations
Protein Folding, Stability and Design
Tailoring Protein Spectroscopy
Protein–based Sensors
Applications in Biomedicine
Noncanonical Amino Acids with Neurological Activity
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