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Revealing the Genetic Code Protein Synthesis Genetics Q: How do genes (segments of DNA) determine genetic traits? A: one gene one protein Examples?? The secret of genes Gene = sequence of nucleotides (bases) Protein = sequence of amino acids Sequence of bases determines sequence of amino acids (protein’s primary structure) Protein’s primary structure determines its secondary & tertiary (3D) structures Protein’s 3D structure determines its function!! Puzzle Q: How do four bases (nucleotides) code for twenty amino acids? A: Triplet code! Three letters one amino acid (codon) But … codes (cookbooks) not permitted to leave library! 4. Nucleic acids Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) - Information storage (Genetic material) Transcription Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) - Intermediate carrier of information Translation Protein - Molecule producing actions inside cell Protein Synthesis: Prokaryote vs. Eukaryotes Genetic Code 1 base pair provides 4 choices 2 “ “ “ 16 “ 3 “ “ “ 64 “ CATSATMAT CATSATMAT Question Which side of ladder is the code????? (see board) We know the code!! What amino acid does the DNA codon AAA code for? What amino acid does the mRNA codon AAA code for? What amino acid does the DNA codon CAT code for? What does the codon AUG do? Genetic Code NOW… You know enough to complete your practice protein synthesis assignment!