Download Climate Change and Potential Impacts for the Aquaculture and Fisheries Sector in ASEAN+3

Climate Change and Potential Impacts for the
Aquaculture and Fisheries Sector in ASEAN+3
Dr. Nelson A. Lopez
Chief, Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Division
Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
2/F PCA Bldg., Elliptical Rd., Diliman, Quezon City, 1101 Philippines
and
Dr. Marie-Caroline Badjeck
Scientist-Climate Change
Quest_Fish Project www.quest-fish.org.uk
The WorldFish Center
Penang, Malaysia
Regional Workshop on Climate Change and Food Security in the ASEAN +3 Countries
Beijing, China
29-31 March 2011
Presentation Outline:
PART I
• Overview/Objectives
• Program Implementation (Year 1-2)
• Synthesis of Country Reports
• Summary Recommendations
PART II
• Climate Change Research at the WorldFish Centre
PART III
• Conclusion
• Regional Networking Scheme
PART - I
Objectives:
 Gain information from experts on climate change; impacts on aquaculture,
measures to mitigate, and options to be able to adopt changes;
 Share within ASEAN and ROK the impact of climate change in their
aquaculture based on their experience and observations;
Present actions taken to address or prepare for the impact;
Create or develop a regional network that encourage and enable
exchange/update of information and experiences on the issues on the effects
of climate change in aquaculture; and
Come up with unified regional policy guidelines and harmonized efforts to
address emerging issues and actions applicable to address climate change
impacts in aquaculture.
Year 1 (2010) Program Implementation
• Seminar-Workshop on the “ASEAN-ROK Information
Exchange on the Impact of Climate Change in
Aquaculture”
o August 16 to 25, 2010
o Busan, South Korea
o Hosted by NFRDI
o Organized by BFAR
• Thematic Lectures on :
 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT IN GLOBAL FISH SUPPLY
 CLIMATE CHANGE IN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE: REGIONAL
PERSPECTIVE - IMPACT AND ADAPTATION MEASURES
 ROK POLICY ON CC PROGRAM ADAPTATION IN AQUACULTURE
•
•
•
•
Presentation of Country Experiences
Workshop/Action Planning/FGDs
Plenary/Adaption of Workshop Agreements
Observation and Field Trip
Year 2 (2011) Networking Projections
• Consultation Meeting with Regional Fisheries Institutions & Donor Agencies
Date
: 27-28 April 2011
Venue
: Busan, Korea
Host Institution : NFRDI
Organized by
: BFAR
• Program Presentation; Round-Table-Discussion; Workshop Consultation
• Objectives of the Regional Consultation-Workshop:
 To present, discuss and evaluate Year 1 project outputs as focal subject of
regional networking interventions by concerned institutions;
 To present regional/international priority and pipelined programs of donor
Institutions/agencies relative to climate change adaptation in aquaculture with
the end in-view of addressing emerging issues and future trends of impacts to
the industry in the region; and
 To harmonize, consolidate and integrate all institutional intervention approach
into a cohesive and concerted efforts thru a regional networking.
Synthesis of Country Reports -Group A
Exposure to climate change
potentials:
Highest Vulnerability
indicator:
Interventions:
Inventory/assessment
Sea Surface Temperature
rise
Freshwater drought
(El Nino/La Nina)
Oceanographic variables
 Typhoons/Unpredictable
Monson Rains/Floodings
Sea level rise
GIS, knowledge base (LEK)
Water management
RAS, integrated systems
Highest vulnerable countries:
Flood
Drought
Storms Cyclones
Water Stress /quality
Water body lake /
surface temp rise
Malaysia
Cambodia
Vietnam
Thailand
Philippines
Indonesia
Myanmar
Livelihood of smallholders
and private sector
Policies
o Public Private investments
adaptation;
o Funding Mechanism to
assist adaption (e.g.
farmers access to funds);
o Implications for food
importing countries/ to
invest in adaptation (ROK)
Summary Recommendations-Group A
Recommendations:
• To do a comprehensive mapping in the region to identify where the CC
will effectively impacts to aquaculture;
• To enhance technology that can effectively address to impacts of CC;
• To disseminate the information of the impacts of CC to all stakeholders
particularly to aquaculture industry;
• To do a continuously monitoring and documentation of the impacts;
• To establish the standard / unified format of action to overcome the
common impacts in aquaculture in region;
• To establish such as regional guidelines to combat the impacts of CC to
aquaculture;
• ASEAN Countries should be encourage to willingly support on
establishing the activity of combating CC in the region
• One project of the network might involve all ASEAN countries to follow
up the inventory, setting priorities and organize new projects and
funding
– There should be three or four multilateral projects focusing on one
or two main exposure indicators, under participation of 3 to 4
countries and research institutions and private partners, e.g. a
multinational regional project:
Summary Recommendations-Group B
ADAPTATION/MITIGATING MEASURES:
• Some countries have initiatives on researches/policies/plans/actions on
climate change (CC) adaptation and mitigation measures (agriculture,
environment, industry, transport, etc); e.g. on researches, Thailand
have activities on shrimp farm adaptation on climate change and
mitigation CC on shrimp farming system; on policies and plans, Thailand
has a 10-year Strategic Plan on CC.
• Particular emphasis /focus on aquaculture is still wanting;
• All countries have established national organization dealing with Climate
Change Adaptation and Mitigation;
• Existing national action plans on CC adaptation/mitigation are not
necessarily focused on aquaculture;/mitigation in aquaculture;
• There are no concretete/direct actions done to respond to CC
adaptation.
• R and D is weakly supported, thus there is a need to encourage
governments to invest more in R and D on aquaculture, especially on CC
adaptation/mitigation measures.
• Public-Private investment needs should be highly considered; and
•
Major importing countries need to be working to invest in adaptation in
producing countries because their food supplies depend on it.
Workshop Group B Recommendations:
On Objective No. 4:
•
Support/fund CC initiatives on aquaculture in ASEAN;
•
Provision of technical assistance to countries impacted by CC;
•
Push for public awareness activities;
•
Set country initiatives to ensure that the aquaculture sub sector CC adaptation/mitigation measures are
considered in national plans, specifically a Masterplan on Aquaculture;
•
Set up a network of country focal points in aquaculture (regional and international);
•
CC on aquaculture needs to be considered as an agenda in existing working groups in ASEAN (e.g.,
ASEAN WG on fisheries);
•
Country initiatives on aquaculture related to CC
•
Set up database/benchmarks;
•
Inventory of existing policies, plans, programs and projects;
•
Info on advers/beneficial effects of CC;
•
Institutions/persons that deals partly/wholly in aquaculturecc adaptation/mitigation;
On Objective No. 5:
•
Guidelines should be regional in scope;
•
Assistance/support should focus on aquaculture appropriate technologies for member countries
impacted by CC;
•
Application of sustainable development principles in aquaculture;
•
Involvement/consultation between and amongst government, private sector and communities in
activities dealing with CC;
Specific guidelines dealing on aquaculture matters need to be drafted (e.g., adaptation on SLR,
•
protection of shorelines/aquaculture areas);
Summary Recommendations-Group C
Researchable Areas:
•
Appearance of new species- Bio-diversity on certain area to convince present & vulnerable, positive
benefits;
•
Altered breeding cycle/migration path- Simulation Study; Physiology and ecology; Tracking-tapping;
Domestication;
•
Diseases outbreak-Identify pathogen; Host and environment; Cure through vaccination, SPF, SPR program;
•
Culture system- Introduce new livelihood, apply new system/technique, i.e.Modified technique:
Physical , health, water management , stocking density and time , culture protocol ,
cropping season;
•
Fish Nutrition- as fish is more than protein , consider the use of micronutrients
•
Green growth technology- LC analysis; primary productivity; BMP, GAqP, CoC;
•
CO2 emission - Integrated farming system; supporting productivity (plankton, see weed); food chain;
•
Aquaculture species - New strain; Domestication & Genetics improvement program; Tolerance to new
economic system;
•
Antibiotic and chemical application - Introduce new products (probiotics, prebiotics) as applicable/allowable;
•
Socio-Economic study-impacts of climate change to the fisheries/aquaculture industry over-time
(e.g. losses in GDP; displacements of the industry; loss of jobs, etc.)
Climate Change Research
at the WorldFish Centre
www.ccafs.cgiar.org
http://web.pml.ac.uk/quest-fish
www.climatefish.org
What is at stake? Aquatic food production
• 45 million fishers & fish farmers, 520
million people depend on fisheries
• 142 million tonnes of fish in 2008, 115
million tonnes for human
consumption; 17 kg per capita
• 15 % or more of animal protein for 3
billion people
•
48 % from aquaculture, current
value US$106 billion, fastest-growing
animal-food-producing sector
FAO SOFIA 2010
Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries
GLOBAL
WARMING
Ocean currents
ENSO
Effects on:
Production
Ecology
Species composition
Production & yield
Distribution
Diseases
Coral bleaching
Calcification
Fishing &
Aquaculture
operations
Safety & efficiency
Infrastructure
Communities
Livelihoods
Loss/damage to assets
Risk to health & life
Displacement & conflict
Sea level rise
Rainfall
River flows
Lake levels
Thermal structure
Storm Severity
Storm frequency
Acidification
Badjeck et al 2010 Marine Policy
Impacts on:
Wider society &
Economy
Adaptation &
mitigation costs
Market impacts
Water allocation
Climate Change Research at the WFC
Four research themes:
1. Diagnosing vulnerability
2. Understanding current coping mechanism
and adaptive responses
3. Contributing to mitigation
4. Building the capacity to respond and adapt
at different scales
FAO
Diagnosing vulnerability – Global scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
High
No data
FAO
What is the nature and extent of vulnerability at different scales?
Vulnerability to the impacts of climate change on the fisheries sector under scenario
SRES B2. Mekong amongst the most vulnerable with Vietnam (27) and Cambodia
(30) out of 132. (Allison et al 2009 Fish and Fisheries)
Diagnosing vulnerability – Regional & Local
• World Bank study on the
Economics of Adaptation – WF
case study Vietnam
• Modeling salinity intrusion in
Mekong River Delta under a 50
cm scenario
and
• Inland catfish aquacultureFAO
rice culture sensitive to changes
in salinity =>=> impacts on
aquaculture yields
Increment of maximum salinity intrusion (ppt) during the dry
season for 50-cm sea level rise scenario (in Kam et al 2010, adapted from SIWRP, 2009)
Current coping mechanism & adaptive responses
• How current responses to climate variability
confer resilience to future climate change?
• Do short-term coping mechanisms undermine
long term adaptive capacity?
Projects:
• Adaptation in floodplains => Encourage rural
households to innovate and develop locally
appropriate technology for fish culture in
seasonal floodplains in Asia
• Responses to disasters (Aceh & Solomon posttsunami rehabilitation)
Contributing to mitigation
• How can fisheries and aquaculture contribute to
reducing GHGs and emissions?
• What are the effects of mitigation strategies in
other sectors on fisheries and aquaculture?
Projects:
• Life-cycle analysis in aquaculture
• Carbon offsets as payments for mangrove
ecosystem services for coastal communities in
Solomon Islands (AUSAID)
• Mitigation potential in aquaculture (CCAFS)
Building the capacity to respond and adapt
• How to promote, finance and
implement adaptation?
• What is the cost of adaptation?
Projects/ Policy engagement
• Identify and appraise adaptation
options in aquaculture in the
Mekong river Delta (WF/World Bank
study)
• Raising the profile of fisheries it’s
importance for food security,
livelihoods and national economies
• Participation in COP and UNFCC
process
Evaluate costs for raising dykes and bunds
with incremental flood depth (Kam et al 2010)
Thank You!
Climate change team at the WorldFish Center
Dr. Edward H. Allison
http://web.pml.ac.uk/quest-fish
E-mail: [email protected]
Dr. Marie-Caroline Badjeck
E-mail: [email protected]
www.ccafs.cgiar.org
www.climatefish.org
CONLCUSION
• Evident Impacts in Fisheries & Aquaculture
• Requires monitoring, report validation, impact
assessment, documentations, socioeconomic
study
• Capability Building, IEC, awareness, EWS,
measures to adapt and mitigate
• Investment to adaptation (i.e. Public-Private &
trade of importing countries)
• Urgent needs for R&D interventions
• Maximized fund utilization (donorship from intl.
source) to benefit farmers
• The need for an institutionalized regional
networking
REGIONAL NETWORKING SCHEME
PRINCIPLES OF:
Co-operation
Collaboration
Coordination
Complementation
ADB
ADB
ADRESSING ISSUES ON:
Research and Development
Capability Building
WFC
WFC
Information and Education Campaign
Awareness &Early Warning System (EWS)
KOICA
KOICA
Adaptation & Mitigation Measures
Policy Guidelines
Funding & Donorship
ELIMINATES:
Duplications
Competitions
Bureaucracy
Waste of time, money & efforts
SEAFDEC
NACA
CAM
INA
VIE
NFRDI
NFRDI
JICA
JICA
ASEAN-AMS-ASec
THA
LAO
MAL
PHI
ROK
+3
<Lopez, N.A., 2011>
THE END