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Pump-Up • What is a Republic? • Who came up with the idea of a Republic? Roman Republic & Empire Today’s Vocabulary • Republic – Gov’t in which leaders are elected by citizens to represent the people. • Patricians – Wealthy landowners who held most of the power in Rome. • Plebeians – The common farmer who made up the majority of the population in Rome. Today’s Vocabulary • Senate – Where most of the laws were made in Rome; controlled by the patricians. • Julius Caesar – 1st Roman dictator; assassinated b/c of growing power. • Caesar Augustus – 1st Roman emperor; brought 200 years of peace and prosperity to Rome. Origins of Rome • Founded by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of the war god Mars – Raised by a wolf – Decided to build a city near the where they were raised. • Rome was built on 7 hills • Traded with the Greeks and Etruscans. The Early Republic • Rome was established as a Republic. • Roman citizens were made up of two classes of people: • Patricians • Plebeians • Created a written code of laws – The twelve tables Gov’t Structure • Consuls – Similar to a president • Senate – Ruled by the patricians • Assemblies – Ruled by the plebeians • Could elected a dictator during times of crisis. • Only for 6 months • Placed a great value on their military Comparing Republic Gov’ts Rome U.S. A. Executive • 2 consuls, elected by the assembly for 1 year; chief executive of gov’t and commander in chief of the army • President, elected by the people for 4 years; chief executive of the gov’t and commander in chief of the army Legislative • Senate, chosen for life • Assembly, chosen for life • Senate, serves for 6 years • House of Representative, serves 4 years • 8 judges chosen for 1 year • 9 Supreme court justices appointed for life Legal Code • 12 Tables •U.S. constitution Citizenship •All adult male landowners • All native-born or naturalized adults Judicial Rome Spreads its Power • Treatment of conquered territories: – Closest regions became full Roman citizens. – Territories a little farther away enjoyed all the rights of Roman citizenship except voting. – Lands farthest away were left alone as long as they paid taxes and supplied troops for the Roman army. • Punic War – 1st war lasted for 23 years. – Rome won – 2nd war was led by Hannibal who attacked from Northern Italy. – Hannibal had control for 15 years, but Rome eventually won. – 3rd war Rome sought revenge. – Burned Carthage and sold them into slavery. Roman Republic Collapses • Wide gap between rich and poor and rebellions – Civil War • Military loyal to a commander rather than the gov’t. • B/c of Caesar’s military success, the Senate appointed Julius Caesar as dictator and then dictator for life. – Make many reforms to help the common Roman people. • Julius Caesar was stabbed to death in the senate chamber. Roman Empire Begins • Civil war breaks out again. • Octavian and Mark Antony join together to take control of Rome. – The two men become rivals b/c Antony is married to Queen Cleopatra of Egypt. – Antony is defeated by Octavian. • Octavian takes the title of Augustus. A Powerful Empire • Pax Romana – Roman Peace; lasted for 200 years • After Augustus died, Rome was still able to function because of the civil service system. – Paid gov’t officials • Common coinage system and a network of roads: – Increased trade – Cultures mixed Roman Roads The Roman World • Conquered people were used as slaves. – Slave population was almost as large as Roman population. – Some made to be gladiators • Worshiped gods and goddesses similar to Greeks. • Most of society was poor – Gov’t provided entertainment with gladiator games Classwork • Today you will read what it was like being a Roman Gladiator. • After you complete the reading, you will choose to be one type of gladiator and write a one page diary entry about your life. You must include: • What type of gladiator are you? • What weapons do you use? • Where did you live before you were a gladiator? • How did you become a gladiator? • Tell me about your gladiator training. • One of your battles. • Your fate.