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Pump-Up
• What is a Republic?
• Who came up with the idea of a Republic?
Roman Republic & Empire
Today’s Vocabulary
• Republic
– Gov’t in which leaders are elected by citizens to
represent the people.
• Patricians
– Wealthy landowners who held most of the power in
Rome.
• Plebeians
– The common farmer who made up the majority of the
population in Rome.
Today’s Vocabulary
• Senate
– Where most of the laws were made in Rome; controlled
by the patricians.
• Julius Caesar
– 1st Roman dictator; assassinated b/c of growing power.
• Caesar Augustus
– 1st Roman emperor; brought 200 years of peace and
prosperity to Rome.
Origins of Rome
• Founded by Romulus and
Remus, twin sons of the war
god Mars
– Raised by a wolf
– Decided to build a city near
the where they were raised.
• Rome was built on 7 hills
• Traded with the Greeks and
Etruscans.
The Early Republic
• Rome was established as a
Republic.
• Roman citizens were made
up of two classes of
people:
• Patricians
• Plebeians
• Created a written code of
laws
– The twelve tables
Gov’t Structure
• Consuls
– Similar to a president
• Senate
– Ruled by the patricians
• Assemblies
– Ruled by the plebeians
• Could elected a dictator during
times of crisis.
• Only for 6 months
• Placed a great value on their
military
Comparing Republic Gov’ts
Rome
U.S. A.
Executive
• 2 consuls, elected by the
assembly for 1 year; chief
executive of gov’t and
commander in chief of the
army
• President, elected by the
people for 4 years; chief
executive of the gov’t and
commander in chief of the
army
Legislative
• Senate, chosen for life
• Assembly, chosen for life
• Senate, serves for 6 years
• House of Representative,
serves 4 years
• 8 judges chosen for 1 year
• 9 Supreme court justices
appointed for life
Legal Code
• 12 Tables
•U.S. constitution
Citizenship
•All adult male landowners
• All native-born or naturalized
adults
Judicial
Rome Spreads its Power
• Treatment of conquered territories:
– Closest regions became full Roman
citizens.
– Territories a little farther away enjoyed
all the rights of Roman citizenship
except voting.
– Lands farthest away were left alone as
long as they paid taxes and supplied
troops for the Roman army.
• Punic War
– 1st war lasted for 23 years.
– Rome won
– 2nd war was led by Hannibal who
attacked from Northern Italy.
– Hannibal had control for 15 years, but
Rome eventually won.
– 3rd war Rome sought revenge.
– Burned Carthage and sold them into
slavery.
Roman Republic Collapses
• Wide gap between rich and poor
and rebellions
– Civil War
• Military loyal to a commander
rather than the gov’t.
• B/c of Caesar’s military success, the
Senate appointed Julius Caesar as
dictator and then dictator for life.
– Make many reforms to help the
common Roman people.
• Julius Caesar was stabbed to death
in the senate chamber.
Roman Empire Begins
• Civil war breaks out again.
• Octavian and Mark Antony
join together to take control
of Rome.
– The two men become rivals b/c
Antony is married to Queen
Cleopatra of Egypt.
– Antony is defeated by Octavian.
• Octavian takes the title of
Augustus.
A Powerful Empire
• Pax Romana
– Roman Peace; lasted for 200
years
• After Augustus died, Rome
was still able to function
because of the civil service
system.
– Paid gov’t officials
• Common coinage system and
a network of roads:
– Increased trade
– Cultures mixed
Roman Roads
The Roman World
• Conquered people were used
as slaves.
– Slave population was almost as
large as Roman population.
– Some made to be gladiators
• Worshiped gods and
goddesses similar to Greeks.
• Most of society was poor
– Gov’t provided entertainment
with gladiator games
Classwork
• Today you will read what it was like being a Roman
Gladiator.
• After you complete the reading, you will choose to be
one type of gladiator and write a one page diary entry
about your life. You must include:
• What type of gladiator are you?
• What weapons do you use?
• Where did you live before you were a gladiator?
• How did you become a gladiator?
• Tell me about your gladiator training.
• One of your battles.
• Your fate.