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ROME Romulus was the 1st king of the city of Rome. He was the first of 7 kings. The city of Rome was named after King Romulus. The last 3 kings of Rome were not Roman. Instead, they were Etruscan. There is a land known as Tuscany north of Rome where the Etruscans were from. The Etruscans had a heavy influence on Roman Culture. However, the last Etruscan king was said to be a bad ruler. The rich people of Rome (patricians) wanted a different kind of government so they kicked out the king and started a new kind of government known as a republic. Vote for me as your leader In a republic people vote for their leaders to make laws for them. This type of government is still used in many modern countries today, including the United States. After I’m done here I’ll go make some laws!!! Gee, I wish I could make some laws but I’m just a plebeian Gee, I wish I could make some laws but I’m just a plebeian Gee, I wish I could make some laws but I’m just a plebeian Rome was NOT a democracy though. Only the rich people (patricians) of Rome could join the roman senate. Common people known as plebeians were not allowed to make laws for themselves. The plebeians were most of the population of Rome. Gee, I wish I could make some laws but I’m just a plebeian You better share some power or Else!! All right , don’t have a cow man!!! In 494 BCE the plebeians started their own government and began making their own laws and put their own people in charge. The patricians quickly realized that if they wanted to have any power they would have to compromise with the plebeians. Eventually, the patricians and plebeians formed one single government where both groups shared power. IN 387 Rome was attacked by a group known as the Gauls. Rome had to pay the Gauls a lot of gold to leave them alone. After the Gauls left, Rome realized that it was important to build up their army. The Romans realized that it was important to have a strong army. In time the Roman army became the most powerful army in the Mediterranean region. One of the most powerful generals was a man named Julius Caesar. Caesar conquered many new lands in the name of Rome. He built up a powerful army whose soldiers where loyal only to Caesar. I’m in charge of all this !!!! The Roman senate soon realized that Caesar was gaining too much power. They ordered Caesar back to Rome. They wanted Caesar to give up his army and his power. Caesar did return to Rome. However, he told the Senate that he would not give up power and then he forced them to make him into a dictator who was in charge of Rome and all its territory. You better run !!!! Most Senators feared Caesar and his big army. So they did whatever he said. Those that opposed Caesar fled Rome. They thought Caesar would kill them. Caesar forced the senate to make him a dictator for life. Many people thought that Caesar had too much power. Those people secretly planned to kill Caesar. On March 15, 44 B.C.E. Caesar was stabbed to death by a group of senators. His reign as dictator ended. I’m in charge !!! No, I’m in charge !!! No, I’m in charge !!! After Caesar’s death power was split among 3 different leaders. This was known as a Triumvirate. However, the 3 leaders could not get along and a civil war soon started. A civil war is when 2 or more groups from the same country or empire fight each other for power. I WON !!! The leader that won the Civil war was Octavian. Octavian tried to give up his power to the senate. But they wanted him to remain the supreme leader. In 27 BCE Octavian was named the emperor of Rome and all its territory. He changed his name to Caesar Augustus. Augustus started what is known as the Pax Romana. This term is latin for “Roman Peace”. The “Pax Romana” was an era of over 200 years of peace. Rome was so powerful it did not have to fight any major wars during this time. This period is considered one of the greatest in Roman history.