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Guided Notes – Ancient The building of anRome empire 200 years a Kingdom-500 years a republic – 500 years an empire King of Macedonia died in 323 B.C. His general split the empire into 3 parts – Macedonia, Egypt and Persia Power shifted from Greece on the Balkan Peninsula to Rome on the Italian Peninsula The Hellenistic period brought Rome into importance Alexander the Great The “Latin's or Romans” migrated from over the Alps into Italy in about 800 B.C. - they were herders and farmers People settled near the Tiber River ◦ An area of 7 hills for defense and nice place to live ◦ Near water but not on the coast ◦ Rome 18 miles from the sea Peoples of Italy After removing the Etruscan kings, Rome vowed to never have a king again A republic gave citizens the right to vote for their leaders ADVANTAGES ◦ Protected by mountains ◦ Apennine Mountains are not hard to travel through for travel ◦ Peninsula –great for trade DISADVANTAGES ◦ Separated from the rest of Europe by Alps ◦ Open for enemy attacks due to coastline and Apennine Mountains How did GEOGRAPHY help and hurt the founding of the Roman Republic? Patricians were the wealthy aristocrats Plebeians were the merchants and farmers Slaves were popular but not considered citizens Roman Class system ADVANTAGES ◦ Protected by mountains ◦ Apennine Mountains are not hard to travel through for travel ◦ Peninsula –great for trade DISADVANTAGES ◦ Separated from the rest of Europe by Alps ◦ Open for enemy attacks due to coastline and Apennine Mountains How did GEOGRAPHY help and hurt the founding of the Roman Republic? The Romans used the three best governments they knew: monarchy aristocracy Democracy Roman Republic CONSULS Monarchy 2 consuls who served one year terms and could veto each other’s decisions DUTIES: command army, ran government, appoint dictator in times of emergency Limits: could only serve 1 year terms Roman Republic SENATE Aristocracy 330 member Senate (eventually spread to Plebs) DUTIES: controlled budget, proposed and passed laws LIMITS: could not control army ◦ CENSORS: ◦ Took census; upheld laws (courts) ◦ PRAETORS: ◦ Made laws; served as military commanders Senate ASSEMBLIES Democracy TRIBUNES(35 tribes elected 10 officials) came from all over the Republic to represent the plebs VOICE DUTIES: could veto Senate’s laws LIMITS: could not propose laws Tribunes (the plebs get power!) The Forum was a place in the center of town where the temple and government buildings were located. 12 tables posted Romans in the Forum 509 450 367 264 BCE BCE BCE BCE Roman Republic founded 12 tables adopted Plebeians are allowed as consuls Rome controls all of the Italian Peninsula 265-146 BCE Romans conquer the Mediterranean Area 120 BCE – 44BCE Breakdown of the Republic 44 BCE Julius Caesar rules 27 BCE Octavian Caesar becomes emperor of the Roman Empire Timeline