Download Rome the Republic

Rome the Republic
{
Ms. Lasater
World History
POD 1
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Republic
2 elected consuls were the head
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Senate
 Leaders from the Patricians
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Served a one-year term
Controlled the army
Law-makers
Controlled spending
Chosen by Consuls
Served for life
300 seats
Assembly
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Plebeians
Had limited power BUT they
elected the consuls
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Consuls had to gain support of
the plebeian class
Government
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Senatus Populus Que
Romanus
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Chiseled on public
buildings, armor,
coins, park benches
Anything that
belonged to the state
“The Senate and the
People of Rome”
Kings were no longer
in charge
SPQR
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Main marketplace and
business center
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Also a place for public
speaking
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Banking, trading,
shopping, and marketing
Great orators
Argued persuasively
Festivals and religious
ceremonies
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Go to a temple to leave a
gift for one of their gods
The Forum
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At least once a day
Included:
 Hot and cold pools
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Slaves to wait on you
Steam rooms
Saunas
Exercise rooms
Hair salons
Reading rooms
Think of is as a large mall with
bathing pools
900 public baths in Rome
 Part of daily life
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Roman Baths
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Kids couldn’t use them
There was an admission charge
Slaves couldn’t use them
But people brought their slaves
as attendants
Roman Legion
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Legion
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Uniform
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5000 men
Each had a banner, leader, number
and nickname
Rectangular shield
Short sword
Dagger
Metal jacket
Helmet
Belt
Kilt
Shirt
Hobnailed sandals
Service
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Legionary served for 25 years
Retirement
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Given land and a pension
Gave retired military a place to call
home in the country that they
would defend
Placed loyal military men all over
the provinces
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“All roads lead to
Rome”
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It was true!
Rome was the heart of
the republic
Each time a new city
was conquered, a road
was built from that
city back to Rome
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Roman Roads
Milestones told how
far it was to Rome
Hannibal & Carthage
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Carthage- ancient city-state in
North Africa- 300 miles from
Rome
First Punic War
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Carthage controlled 3 islands
off Italy’s coast
Rome wanted Carthage to join
its republic
Fought for 20 years
Neither won
Rome took Sicily, Sardinia and
Corsica
Hannibal
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9-year-old son of the general at
the First Punic War- vowed to
make Rome pay
Clever general
Snakes plan
Wanted to conquer all of Spain
Not this creepy
one…
But this one
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Second Punic War
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Second Punic War
Spanish city asked for help but
Rome attacked Carthage instead
of Hannibal
Hannibal planned to march
90,000 foot soldiers, 12,000
calvary, and 37 elephants from
Spain
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Route was more rugged than he
expected
Carthage agreed to peace terms
Carthage changed their mind and
Rome defeated Carthage but
didn’t catch Hannibal
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Second set of peace terms:
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Carthage leave Spain, Gaul
and Italy
Reduce their navy to 10
warships
Pay 10,000 talents in war
damages in 50 annual
payments over 50 years
Rome finally caught up with
Hannibal but he swallowed
poison rather than surrender (he
was 64)
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Month of July named after him
People trusted him and believed
he could solve Rome’s problems
Problems of the Republic
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Julius Caesar
Crime
Taxes
Hunger
Unemployment
Slave labor dependency
Spoke openly about problems
and solutions
Leaders in the Senate were afraid
Caesar would take power and
rule as a king
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Entered Rome in 49 BCE with
Roman Legion to take over the
government
Poor people were glad; Senate
was furious
Julius Caesar
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Caesar defeated Pompey and
the Senate’s forces and
became the master of Rome
Improvements
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Relieved debt
Enlarged the Senate
Built the Forum Iulium
Revised the calendar
Assassinated by a group of
Senators led by Cassius and
Brutus on the Ides of March
(15) 44 BCE
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Assassination sparked civil
wars that ended the Republic
and Caesar’s great nephew,
Octavian, became the first
emperor of Rome