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Chapter 7 – The Roman World 1000 BC – 476 AD Section 2 – Rome expands its Borders • Predict some possible causes of conflict between the • • growing Roman Republic and the surrounding Mediterranean peoples Answers: trade rivalry and economic competition, competition for land, mutual suspicion, cultural threats, Main Idea: Through warfare and alliances, the Roman Republic greatly expanded the lands under their control. The Punic Wars • Places: Rubicon, Carthage, Alps, • Rome vs. Carthage – why? • • • • First Punic War – 264 BC Rome has no navy, builds one – what was the model? Land warfare at sea = “boarding bridges” War ends after 23 years – 241 BC Punic Wars • • • • • • • • Second Punic War: 218 BC Hannibal Crossing the Alps into Italy Laid waste to the countryside Wanted to win away Rome’s allies – successful? Scipio – Roman general Rome goes after Carthage – Hannibal has to go home Carthage has to give up their Navy and colonies in Spain Hannibal v. Scipio Battle of Zama Punic Wars • • • • Third Punic War Roman Senate decides to crush Carthage Carthage was destroyed in 146 BC By 133 BC Rome had extended its control over the entire region – supreme power in the Mediterranean Destruction of Carthage "Furthermore, it is my opinion that Carthage must be destroyed", a position earlier cited by Cicero in his dialogue De Senectute. Provinces • Each province was administered by a governor • Rome becomes dependent upon the provinces over time for grain • Equites: class of business people connected to trade • Within the Republic the gap between the rich and the poor, powerful and powerless, continued to grow Spartacus • • • • Led revolt that began in 73 BC More than 70,000 slaves took part Spartacus dies in battle Some 6,000 rebels were crucified