Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Behavior analysis of child development wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Learning theory (education) wikipedia , lookup
Verbal Behavior wikipedia , lookup
Behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Psychological behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Eyeblink conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Psychophysics wikipedia , lookup
The Cognitive Domain of Psychology: Chapter 7 – Learning Module 15 – Classical Conditioning • Learning – A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience • Classical Conditioning – Learning where a stimulus gains the power to cause a response because it predicts another stimulus that already produces that response • Form of learning by association • Stimulus-Response – Stimulus - anything in the environment that one can respond to – Response – any behavior or action Stimulus-Response Relationship Stimulus 1 – saying flush, Stimulus 2 – water gets hot Stimulus-Response Relationship Stimulus: hear flush, Response: jump from hot water Behaviorism • The view that psychology should restrict its efforts to studying observable behaviors, not mental processes. – Learning is a change in behavior. – Founded by John Watson • Let’s look at components of classical conditioning! Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) • A stimulus that triggers a response automatically and reflexively Unconditioned Response (UCR) • The automatic response to the unconditioned stimulus • The relationship between the UCS and UCR must be reflexive and not learned Conditioned Stimulus (CS) • A stimulus that through learning has gained the power to cause a conditioned response • The CS must be a neutral stimulus before conditioning occurs. Conditioned Response (CR) • The response to the conditioned stimulus • Usually the same behavior as the UCR Fun Dip Experiment: What’s what and did it work? Classical Conditioning Processes: Acquisition • The process of developing a learned response • The subject learns a new response (CR) to a previously neutral stimulus (CS) Classical Conditioning Processes: Extinction • The diminishing of a learned response • In classical conditioning, the continual presentation of the CS without the UCS Classical Conditioning Processes: Spontaneous Recovery • The reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) • A Russian physiologist who discovered classical conditioning while doing experiments on the digestive system of dogs Pavlov’s method of collecting saliva Pavlov’s Research Apparatus Pavlov’s Experiment Pavlov’s Experiment Pavlov’s Experiment • Unconditioned stimulus = food • Unconditioned response = salivation • Unconditioned stimulus • Unconditioned response • Conditioned stimulus = bell • Conditioned response = salivation Parks and Rec • Pavlovian technique to get over a girl friend • http://www.nbc.com/parks-andrecreation/video/tammy-deprogrammingkit/2837949 Module 15: Classical Conditioning Generalization and Discrimination Generalization • Process in which an organism produces the same response to two similar stimuli • The more similar the substitute stimulus is to the original used in conditioning, the stronger the generalized response Discrimination • A process in which an organism produces different responses to two similar stimuli • The subject learns that one stimuli predicts the UCS and the other does not. Module 15: Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life: Little Albert Little Albert • 11-month-old infant • Watson and his assistant, Rosalie Rayner, conditioned Albert to be frightened of white rats • Led to questions about experimental ethics – What’s the UCS, UCR, CS, CR? Little Albert – Before Conditioning Little Albert – During Conditioning Get this one for your notes!!! Little Albert – After Conditioning Little Albert – Generalization Get this one for your notes!!! Module 15: Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life: Taste Aversion Taste Aversion • Subjects become classically conditioned to avoid specific tastes, because the tastes are associated with nausea. • John Garcia (1917- ) Module 15: Classical Conditioning Cognition and Biological Predispositions Robert Rescorla (1940• Developed a theory emphasizing the importance of cognitive processes in classical conditioning • Pointed out that subjects had to determine (think) whether the CS was a reliable predictor of the UCS ) Biological Perspective • We are predisposed to learn things that affect our survival. • We are predisposed to avoid threats our ancestors faced--food that made us sick, storms, heights, snakes, etc.--but not modern-day threats--cars, water pollution, etc.