* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download ANIMAL BEHAVIORS
Symbolic behavior wikipedia , lookup
Prosocial behavior wikipedia , lookup
Observational methods in psychology wikipedia , lookup
Behavioral modernity wikipedia , lookup
Insufficient justification wikipedia , lookup
Learning theory (education) wikipedia , lookup
Verbal Behavior wikipedia , lookup
Classical conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Neuroeconomics wikipedia , lookup
Applied behavior analysis wikipedia , lookup
Transtheoretical model wikipedia , lookup
Social perception wikipedia , lookup
Abnormal psychology wikipedia , lookup
Theory of planned behavior wikipedia , lookup
Attribution (psychology) wikipedia , lookup
Thin-slicing wikipedia , lookup
Counterproductive work behavior wikipedia , lookup
Theory of reasoned action wikipedia , lookup
Adherence management coaching wikipedia , lookup
Behavior analysis of child development wikipedia , lookup
Descriptive psychology wikipedia , lookup
Sociobiology wikipedia , lookup
Behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
Psychological behaviorism wikipedia , lookup
ANIMAL BEHAVIORS I. ANIMAL BEHAVIORS • Ethology: the study of animal behavior • Behavior (response to a stimulus)is influenced by: – Hormones – Nervous system • Divided into two types of behavior – Innate Behavior – Learned Behavior A. Innate Behavior • Innate Behavior: behavior that is performed correctly the first time an animal does it – Animal does not have to be taught – “instincts” or “born” behaviors • Examples: – Territoriality – Protective behaviors – Courting behaviors – Hibernation/migration B. Learned Behavior • Learned Behavior: are a result of an animals experience – “acquired” behavior – Longer life span and longer period of parental care equals more learned behaviors • 4 basic types of learning – – – – Habituation Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Insight learning 1. Habituation • Habituation: – Animal is neither benefited nor harmed by a stimulus – Animal learns to ignore the stimulus • Wonder if you can become “habituated” to the sound of your alarm clock? 2. Classical Conditioning • Classical Conditioning: – Animal will make a mental connection between a stimulus and some kind of reward/punishment • Ivan Pavlov and his “dog” experiment – He noticed dogs salivated – He taught the dogs to associate receiving food with the sound of a bell – Eventually, after many repetitions, he got the dog to salivate at the sound of the bell alone 3. Operant Conditioning • Operant Conditioning: – Animal learns to repeat behaviors that result in reward, and avoid those that end in punishment – “trial-and-error” learning – This learning begins with “random behavior” – Many animals use this type of learning to identify sources of food 4. Insight Learning • Insight Learning: – Most complicated form of learning – When an animal applies something it’s already learned to a new situation C. Social Behavior • Social Behavior: – When animals interact with members of their own species – Example is “communal grooming” that you see among apes/chimpanzees/etc – Example is aggressive posturing among dogs before they fight – These behaviors often reinforce group hierarchies (leadership roles) and can improve chances of survival