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Cells Biotechnology Photosynthesis Labs Respiration Ecology Cells Biotechnology Photosynthesis Labs Respiration Ecology $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Double Jeopardy! Cells Organelles that carry out protein synthesis $100 Cells What are ribosomes? Back $100 Cells The most numerous blood cells that transport oxygen $200 Cells What are red blood cells? Back $200 Cells Function like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets $300 Cells What are desmosomes? Back $300 Cells Proteoglycans, Collagen, and Fibrocontectin $400 Cells What are types of glycoproteins? Back $400 Cells In CNS, allow neurons to become myelinated when these cells grow around axons $500 Cells What are oligodendrocytes? Back $500 Biotechnology The third step in cycle one of PCR $100 Biotechnology What is extension? Back $100 Biotechnology The most preferable location for a restriction enzyme to cut DNA $200 Biotechnology What is the sugarphosphate backbone? Back $200 Biotechnology The presence of these scattered throughout a genome allows recombination to take place between different chromosomes $300 Biotechnology What are homologous transposable element sequences? Back $300 Biotechnology Activates suicide genes, resulting in apoptosis and preventing a cell from passing on mutations. $400 Biotechnology What is the p53 gene? Back $400 Biotechnology Combination of essentials of a eukaryotic chromosome with foreign DNA $500 Biotechnology What are yeast artificial chromosomes? Back $500 Photosynthesis CO2 + H20 [CH2O] + O2 $100 Photosynthesis What is the simplified form of the photosynthetic equation? Back $100 Photosynthesis Columns of stacked thylakoid sacs $200 Photosynthesis What are grana? Back $200 Photosynthesis A process that generates ATP by using chemiosmosis to power the addition of a phosphate to ADP $300 Photosynthesis What is photophosphorylation? Back $300 Photosynthesis Interacts with hydrophobic regions of proteins inside thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts $400 Photosynthesis What is the hydrocarbon tail of a chlorophyll molecule? Back $400 Photosynthesis The process in which electrons cycle back from ferredoxin to the cytochrome complex, continuing on to a P700 chlorophyll $500 Photosynthesis What is cyclic electron flow? Back $500 Labs In this process, water moves through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of its higher concentration to a region of lower concentration $100 Labs What is osmosis? Back $100 Labs This substance was a substitute for an electron acceptor in the photosynthesis lab. $200 Labs What is DPIP? Back $200 Labs This device measures the rate at which a plant draws up water. $300 Labs What is a potometer? Back $300 Labs In taking blood pressure, the first tapping sound heard is______, while the second tapping sound indicates _____. $400 Labs What are systolic and diastolic pressure? Back $400 Labs In the cellular respiration lab, the CO2 produced combines with this to form a certain solid precipitate. $500 Labs What is KOH? Back $500 Respiration Begins degradation by breaking glucose into two pyruvates; occurs in the cytosol $100 Respiration What is glycolysis? Back $100 Respiration Step between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle; accomplished by catalysis of three reactions $200 Respiration What is conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA? Back $200 Respiration Glycolysis is broken down into these two phases, each with five steps. $300 Respiration What are energy investment phase and energy payoff phase? Back $300 Respiration These proteins have a heme group with an iron atom that accepts and donates electrons. $400 Respiration What are cytochromes? Back $400 Respiration These organisms can make enough ATP to survive using either fermentation or respiration. $500 Respiration What are facultative anaerobes? Back $500 Ecology Seasonal variation is a result of this. $100 Ecology What is Earth’s tilt? Back $100 Ecology In the Northern Hemisphere, these slopes receive more sunlight and are therefore warmer and drier. $200 Ecology What are south-facing slopes? Back $200 Ecology A chipmunk is likely to have this type of survivorship curve. $300 Ecology What is Type II? Back $300 Ecology Two possible configurations for a stable population $400 Ecology What are [zero population growth = high birth rate – high death rate] and [zero population growth = low birth rate-low death rate]? Back $400 Ecology Results due to producers having a short turnover time $500 Ecology What is an inverted biomass pyramid? Back $500 Double Jeopardy!!! Cell Division Molecular Genetics Evolution and Classification Plant Systems Animal Systems Other (things we didn’t cover) Cell Division Molecular Genetics Evolution & Classification Plant Systems Animal Systems Other $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 Final Jeopardy! Cell Division This is typically the shortest part of the cell cycle that alternates with a longer stage, known as ______. $200 Cell Division What are mitotic phase and interphase? Back $200 Cell Division The figure below represents this phase in mitosis. $400 Cell Division What is metaphase? Back $400 Cell Division During this phase of meiosis, two haploid daughter cells are formed. $600 Cell Division What is Telophase I/cytokenisis? Back $600 Cell Division Individual chromosomes that carry genes derived from two different parents. $800 Cell Division What are recombinant chromosomes? Back $800 Cell Division The common feature of the following three sexual life cycles: animals, plants/algae, fungi/protists $1000 Cell Division What is the alternation of meiosis and fertilization? Back $1000 Molecular Genetics The basic structure of DNA is composed a _________ and _____ $200 Molecular Genetics What are sugarphosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases? Back $200 Molecular Genetics Watson and Crick determined this was the best fit model for DNA replication. $400 Molecular Genetics What is the semi conservative model? Back $400 Molecular Genetics By looking at Rosalind Franklin’s DNA photo, Watson was able to deduce these three things. $600 Molecular Genetics What is the helical shape of DNA, the width of the helix and the spacing of nitrogenous bases along it? Back $600 Molecular Genetics During repair of a damaged DNA strand, repair synthesis by this molecule fills in the missing nucleotides. $800 Molecular Genetics What is a DNA polymerase? Back $800 Molecular Genetics In pre-mRNA splicing, these molecules with other proteins form a spliceosome on a premRNA containing introns and exons. $1000 Molecular Genetics What are small nuclear ribonucleoproteins? (snRNPs) Back $1000 Evolution & Classification Darwin originally referred to evolution as this. $200 Evolution & Classification What is descent with modification? Back $200 Evolution & Classification This type of reproductive barrier results in morphological differences preventing successful mating. $400 Evolution & Classification What is mechanical isolation? Back $400 Evolution & Classification This theorem states that frequencies of alleles and phenotypes in a population’s gene pool remain constant from generation to generation. $600 Evolution & Classification What is the HardyWeinberg theorem? Back $600 Evolution & Classification This type of selection acts against extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants. $800 Evolution & Classification What is stabilizing selection? Back $800 Evolution & Classification This concept is based upon the assumption that the number of nucleotide substitutions in orthologous genes is proportional to the time that has elapsed since the species branched from their common ancestor. $1000 Evolution & Classification What is a molecular clock? Back $1000 Plant Systems Allow gas CO2 exchange between the surrounding air and the photosynthetic cells inside the leaf. $200 Plant Systems What are stomata? Back $200 Plant Systems Develops from undifferentiated cells and parenchyma cells that regain the capacity to divide $400 Plant Systems What is the vascular cambium? Back $400 Plant Systems In this mechanism, a transport protein couples the downhill passage of one solute to the uphill passage of another $600 Plant Systems What is cotransport? Back $600 Plant Systems The rate of water movement through aquaporins is regulated by this, induced by changes in second messengers. $800 Plant Systems What is phosphorylation of aquaporin proteins? Back $800 Plant Systems The only way past the Casparian strip is to cross this, entering into ______ via the symplast. $1000 Plant Systems What is the plasma membrane of an endodermal cell, entering the vascular cylinder? Back $1000 Animal Systems Because mammals and birds have a fourchambered heart, separation of these substances is allowed. $200 Animal Systems What is oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood? Back $200 Animal Systems Blood pressure is highest here. $400 Animal Systems What are the arteries? Back $400 Animal Systems Fat digestion begins here. $600 Animal Systems What is the lumen of the small intestine? Back $600 Animal Systems A rise in blood Ca2+ level above the set point promotes release of this from the thyroid gland. $800 Animal Systems What is calcitonin? Back $800 Animal Systems Inhibited by combination of estrogen and progesterone yet stimulated by high levels of estrogen alone. $1000 Animal Systems What is the hypothalamus? Back $1000 Other A structure in the temporal lobe, essential in recognizing emotional content of facial expressions and laying down emotional memories. $200 Other What is the amygdala? Back $200 Other The name for the substrate at the bottom of all aquatic biomes $400 Other What is the benthic zone? Back $400 Other These endocrine cells are scattered throughout the exocrine tissue of the pancreas. $600 Other What are the islets of Langerhans? Back $600 Other Recombinant plasmids can be introduced into culture plant cells using this method $800 Other What is electroporation? Back $800 Other In the second step of the energy investment phase of glycolysis, glucose-6 phosphate is converted to this. $1000 Other What is the isomer of glucose-6 phosphate? (fructose-6 phosphate) Back $1000 Final Jeopardy!!! Final Jeopardy!!! After interacting with a target cell, an activated cytotoxic T cell releases these two things that promote death of the target cell. Final Jeopardy!!! What are perforins and proteolytic enzymes?