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Cell Division Photosynthesis Genetics Respiration Cells Evolution And Classification $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Molecular Double Jeopardy! Respiration What is the final electron acceptor of the Electron Transport Chain? $100 Respiration Oxygen Back $100 Respiration What is the name of the process that produces ATP in glycolosis and the citric acid cycle? $200 Respiration Substrate-level Phosphorylation Back $200 Respiration How many total ATP are produced in cellular respiration? $300 Respiration 36 ATP molecules produced Back $300 Respiration Where does each step of cellular respiration take place? $400 Respiration Glycolysis – Cytosol Krebs cycle – Mitochondrial Matrix Electron Transport ChainMitochondrial Membrane Back $400 Respiration What is the chemical equation of cellular respiration (products & reactants)? $500 Respiration C H O +6O 6CO +6H O+Energy (ATP & HEAT) 6 2 12 6 2 2 (glucose & oxygen Carbon dioxide & water & energy) Back $500 cells What is the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? $100 Cells Prokaryotic – no membrane bound organelles or true nucleus Eukaryotic – membrane bound organelles & nucleus Back $100 Cells What function do the ribosomes have? $200 Cells Protein Synthesis – site of translation Back $200 Cells What do selectivly permeable membranes select for and select against? $300 Cells Selected for – non polar substances (steroids) Selected aganist – large,polar molecules (amino acids, glucose) Back $300 Cells How are neighboring plants and animal cells connected? $400 Cells Plant cells – Plasmodesmata Animal Cells – tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions Back $400 Cells What makes up the endomembrane system? $500 Cells Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum(ER), golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, & plasma membrane Back $500 Evolution & Classification What is evolution? $100 Evolution & Classification Gradual change over time Back $100 Evolution & Classification What are the levels of classification? $200 Evolution & Classification D – Domain K - Kingdom P - Phylum C - Class O - Order F - Family G - Genus S - Species Back $200 Evolution & Classification What is convergent and divergent evolution? $300 Evolution & Classification Convergent – species from different evolutionary branches develop structures that resemble one another Divergent – gradual change over time from a common ancestor Back $300 Evolution & Classification What were Darwin's Views? $400 Evolution & Classification * Natural Selection is the mechanism of Evolution *Natural selection occurs through interactions between the organism and the environment * Natural selection produces an adaptation Back $400 Evolution & Classification What are the 5 requirements for a population to be in hardy-weinburg equilibrium? $500 Evolution & Classification * large population * isolated population * no net mutations * random mating * no natural selection Back $500 Cell Division When does crossing over occur? $100 Cell Division Prophase I of meiosis Back $100 Cell division What are the results of mitosis and meiosis? $200 Cell Division Mitosis – 2 identical diploid cells Meiosis – 4 genetically unique haploid gametes Back $200 Cell Division What regulates the cell cycle? $300 Cell Division Various checkpoints: Cyclin & cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) Back $300 Cell Division How does meiosis promote genetic variation? $400 Cell Division *crossing over *independent assortment of chromosomes (metaphase 1) *random fertilization Back $400 Cell Division Why is cell division important? $500 Cell Division *reproduction *growth & development from fertilized egg *repair & replacement of damaged cells Back $500 Photosynthesis Where does photosynthesis occur? $100 Photosynthesis Cholorplasts Back $100 Photosynthesis What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? $200 Photosynthesis CO + H O + Light energy 2 2 CH O 6 Back 12 6 + O 2 + HO 2 $200 Photosynthesis How is sugar produced during photosynthesis? $300 Photosynthesis Calvin Cycle – produces G3P (sugar) Back $300 Photosynthesis How do plants get out of ATP debt as a result of the calvin cycle? $400 Photosynthesis Cyclin Electron Flow – uses photosystem 1 only Back $400 Photosynthesis What is the difference between C3 & C4 photosynthesis? $500 Photosynthesis The enzyme that does carbon fixation differs: C3 – rubisco C4 - pepcarboxylase Back $500 Molecular Genetics What is transcription and translation? $100 Molecular Genetics Transcription – DNA to RNA Translation- RNA to Protien Back $100 Molecular Genetics What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous individuals? $200 Molecular Genetics Homozygous – 2 copies of the same allele ( AA or aa) Heterozygous – 1 copy of each allele (Aa) Back $200 Molecular Genetics What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA? $300 Molecular Genetics Back Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Many mistakes Proofreading eliminates mistakes No introns introns Not in a nucleus In a nucleus Transcription & translation coupled Transcription & translation seperate Singular, circular chromosomes Several linear chromosomes $300 Molecular Genetics What are the enzymes involved in DNA replication? $400 Molecular Genetics DNA polymerase DNA ligase Primase Helicase Back $400 Molecular Genetics What are the nucleotides of DNA and RNA and what is their composition? $500 Molecular Genetics A – 30.3% T – 30.3 % C – 19.9% G – 19.5% A=T, C=G Back $500 Double Jeopardy!!! Plant Ecology Systems Things we Did not cover Biotechnology Animal Systems Labs $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 Final Jeopardy! Ecology What is ecology? $200 Ecology The study of the distribution and abundance of organisms; their interactions with other organisms and the environment Back $200 Ecology What are the trophic levels of an ecosystem? $400 Ecology Primary producers Primary Consumers Secondary Consumers Tertiary Consumers Back $400 Ecology What is the difference between a realized niche and a fundamental niche? $600 Ecology Realized niche – the niche a species actually occupies in a praticular enviornment Fundamental niche – the niche potentially occupied by that species Back $600 Ecology What resources define/set the carrying capacity of a praticular population? $800 Ecology *competition *energy available *water availability *shelters *soil nutrients Back $800 Ecology What are proximate and ultimate questions? $1000 Ecology Proximate questions – what in the immediate environment led to the behavior; mechanistic Ultimate questions – why did natural selection favor this behavior; evolutionary signifigance Back $1000 Plant Systems What are the three basic plant organs? $200 Plant Systems Roots Stems Leaves Back $200 Plant Systems What do the stomata allow for in the plant? $400 Plant Systems Gas exchange CO enters & O leaves 2 Back 2 $400 Plant Systems What do xylem and phloem tissues transport? $600 Plant Systems Xylem tissue – transports water and minerals from the roots up to the shoots Phloem tissue – transports organic nutrients to where they are needed from where they are made Back $600 Plant Systems What does the mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungi provide for both? $800 Plant Systems Mycorrhizae: Fungi – steady supply of sugar from the plant Plant – increases surface area for water absorption and received minerals from the soil Back $800 Plant Systems What are the three tissue systems of plants? $1000 Plant Systems Dermal – outer protrective covering Vascular – long distance transport between roots and shoots Ground – tissue between vascular and dermal Back $1000 Things we did not cover What are Detritivores? $200 Things we did not cover Consumers that obtain their energy by consuming dead plants and animals; top trophic level of an ecosystem Back $200 Things we did not cover What is outbreeding? $400 Things we did not cover Mating with unrelated partners; creates new allels and new allele combinations; increases genetic variation Back $400 Things we did not cover What are the biomes of the world? $600 Things we did not cover *tropical rain forests *savannas *temperate grasslands *temperate deciduous forest *deserts *taigas *tundras *fresh water biomes *marine biomes Back $600 Things we did not cover What is disruptive selection? $800 Things we did not cover Occurs when the environment favors unusual or extreme traits as opposed to common traits Back $800 Things we did not cover What are the 5 kingdoms? $1000 Things we did not cover *Kingdom Monera (prokaryotes) *Kingdom Protista (protists) *Kingdom Fungi (Fungi) *Kingdom Plantae (Plants) *Kingdom Animalia (Animals) Back $1000 Biotechnology What is the function of restriction enzymes? $200 Biotechnology Cut up the foreign DNA to prevent bacteria against intruding DNA Used to cut DNA into fragments during experiments Back $200 Biotechnology What does Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) do in regards to DNA? $400 Biotechnology A specific target segment of DNA can be amplified and and PCR produces many copies of this target segment Back $400 Biotechnology How can DNA technology affect our lives? $600 Biotechnology *diagnosis of diseases *medical applications *gene therapy *Forensic evidence Back $600 Biotechnology What is a genomic library? $800 Biotechnology The complete set of plasmid clones, each carrying copies of a particular segment from the initial genome Back $800 Biotechnology What does gel electrophoresis do? $1000 Biotechnology Gel is used to seperate nucleic acids or protiens based on size, electrical charge, and other physical properties; seperates DNA molecules into bands for comparision purposes Back $1000 Animal Systems What is the molecular hierarchy of animals? $200 Animal Systems *Atom *Molecule *Organelle *Cell *Tissue *Organs & organ systems Back $200 Animal Systems What are the tissue types of animals? $400 Animal Systems *epithethial tissue *connective tissue *muscle tissue *nervous tissue Back $400 Animal Systems What is the difference between and open and closed circulatory system? $600 Animal Systems Closed circulatory system – the blood is confined to vessels Open circulatory system – pumps blood into an internal cavity called hemocoel Back $600 Animal Systems What is the order of the digestive system? $800 Animal Systems *Mouth *Pharynx *Esophagus *Stomach *Small Intestine *Large Intestine Back $800 Animal Systems What is the structure of a Neuron? $1000 Animal Systems *Cell body – contains nucleus and other organelles *Dendrite – branched extension of cell body and receives stimuli *Axon – extension of cell body and sends nerve impulses Back $1000 Labs What is the difference between an independent and dependent variable? $200 Labs independent variable – what you manipulate in the experiement Dependent varaible – what changes based on the independent variable Back $200 Labs What is the difference between the control and experimental groups? $400 Labs Control group – does not contain the independent variable, does not contain what is being tested Experiemental group – contains the independent variable, contains what is being tested Back $400 Labs What is the scientific method? $600 Labs Used to test a hypothesis: 1) ask a question – problem intended to be tests 2) make a hypothesis 3) test the hypothesis/ perform the experiment 4) collect data 5) form conclusion or test new hypothesis if experiment did not work Back $600 Labs What ensures good experimental design? $800 Labs *Independent & dependent variable *control and experimental group *large sample size *double blind experiment *random sampling *repeatable experiment *controls *constants Back $800 Labs Why are constants and controls necessary in experiements? $1000 Labs Ensures all groups are exposed to the same things to place no advantage on one group. Back $1000 Final Jeopardy!!! Final Jeopardy!!! The father is a heterozygous individual (Aa). The daughter is homozygous recessive (aa). The mothers genotype is unknown. What is a possible phenotype of the mother? Final Jeopardy!!! Aa or aa