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Cells – structure,
function,
membranes,
different types
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Cell Division – mitosis
and meiosis
Plant Systems
Animal Systems
Cells
PhotoRespiration
synthesis
Cell
Division
Plant
Systems
Animal
Systems
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Double Jeopardy!
Cells
The organelle with various
specialized metabolic functions;
produces hydrogen peroxide.
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Cells
What is a peroxisome?
Back
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Cells
The membrane
enclosing the central
vacuole.
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Cells
What is a tonoplast?
Back
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Cells
A large contractile protein
forming the side arms of
microtubule doublets and
cilia and flagella.
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Cells
What is dynein?
Back
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Cells
A type of intracellular
junction that functions like
rivets, fastening cells
together into strong
sheets.
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Cells
What are
desmosomes?
Back
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Cells
The attachment
structures on the
surface of some
prokaryotes.
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Cells
What is pili?
Back
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Photosynthesis
These reactions are carried out
by molecules in the thylakoid
membranes, convert light
energy to the chemical energy
of ATP and NAPH, and split H2O
and release O2 to the
atmosphere.
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Photosynthesis
What are light
reactions?
Back
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Photosynthesis
The electron acceptor that
temporarily stores
energized electrons
produced during the light
reactions.
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Photosynthesis
What is
Back
+
NADP ?
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Photosynthesis
The carbohydrate
produced directly
from the Calvin cycle.
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Photosynthesis
What is
glyceraldehyde-3phosphate (G3P)?
Back
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Photosynthesis
The enzyme that
catalyzes the first
step of the Calvin
cycle.
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Photosynthesis
What is rubisco?
Back
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Photosynthesis
The enzyme NADP+ reductase
transfers electrons from Fd to
NADP+. Two electrons are
required for its reduction to
NADPH.
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Photosynthesis
What is the last step in
the noncyclic electron
flow?
Back
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Respiration
The chemical reaction
involving the transfer
of one or more
electrons from one
reactant to another.
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Respiration
What is a redox
reaction?
Back
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Respiration
A coenzyme present in all
cells that helps enzymes
transfer electrons during
redox reactions of
metabolism.
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Respiration
What is
Back
+
NAD ?
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Respiration
The potential energy stored in
the form of an electrochemical
gradient, generated by the
pumping of hydrogen ions
across biological membranes
during chemiosmosis.
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Respiration
What is the protonmotive force?
Back
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Respiration
Acetyl CoA adds its twocarbon acetyl group to
oxaloacetate, producing
citrate.
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Respiration
What is the first step of
the citric acid cycle?
Back
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Respiration
An allosteric enzyme with
recepetor sites for specific
inhibitors and activators.
It is inhibited by ATP and
stimulated by AMP.
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Respiration
What is
phosphofructokinase?
Back
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Cell Division
The longest stage of mitosis
in which the centrosomes
are at opposite ends of the
cell. In this stage, the
chromosomes convene at
the metaphase plate.
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Cell Division
What is metaphase?
Back
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Cell Division
A radical array of short
microtubules that extends
from each centrosome
toward the plasma
membrane in a cell
undergoing mitosis.
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Cell Division
What is an aster?
Back
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Cell Division
The protein kinase that
is active only when
attached to a
particular cyclin.
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Cell Division
What is Cdk?
Back
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Cell Division
The requirement that
to divide, a cell must
be attached to the
substratum.
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Cell Division
What is anchorage
dependence?
Back
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Cell Division
The X-shaped, microscopically
visible region representing
homologous chromatids that
have exchanged genetic
material through crossing over
during meiosis.
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Cell Division
What is chiasma?
Back
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Topic 5
These ions open the
stomata when
actively accumulated
by guard cells.
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Topic 5
What is potassium?
Back
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Plant Systems
Cells that function in supporting
elements in the plant, but with
thick, secondary walls
strengthened by lignin. Two
types are sclereids and fibers.
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Plant Systems
What are sclerenchyma
cells?
Back
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Plant Systems
A type of angiosperm species which
characteristics include one
cotelydon, parallel veins,
scattered vascular tissue, fibrous
root system, pollen grain with one
opening, and floral organs in
multiples of three.
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Plant Systems
What are monocots?
Back
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Plant Systems
A hormone found in leaves, stems,
roots, and green fruit and
functions in inhibiting growth,
closing stomata during water
stress, and promoting seed
dormancy.
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Plant System
What is abscisic acid?
Back
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Plant System
A type of plant that is
photosynthetic but obtains
nitrogen and minerals by killing
and digesting insects and other
small animals. They live in acid
bogs and other habitats that
consist of soil poor in nitrogen and
other minerals.
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Plant System
What is a carnivorous
plant?
Back
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Animal Systems
A tubular excretory
system that has internal
openings that collect
body fluids found in
most annelids.
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Animal Systems
What is a
metanephridia?
Back
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Animal Systems
This hormone increases
water retention, thus
decreasing urine
volume.
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Animal Systems
What is ADH?
Back
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Animal Systems
This hormone stimulates
the secretion of LH and
FSH from the pituitary.
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Animal Systems
What is GnRH?
Back
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Animal Systems
A protein in muscle cells in
which diving animals, such
as seals, have a large
concentration of that
functions in storing
oxygen.
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Animal Systems
What is myoglobin?
Back
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Animal Systems
Eion = 62mV log
[ion]outside
[ion]inside
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Animal Systems
How do you find the
equilibrium potential?
(Nernst equation)
Back
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Double
Jeopardy!!!
Molecular
Genetics
Evolution and
Classification
Ecology
Labs
Biotechnology
Things We Didn’t
Cover
Molecular
Genetics
Evolution
And
Classification
Ecology
Labs
Biotechnology
Things We
Didn’t Cover
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Final Jeopardy!
Molecular Genetics
A discontinuously
synthesized DNA strand
that elongates in a
direction away from the
replication fork.
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Molecular Genetics
What is the lagging
strand?
Back
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Molecular Genetics
A protein that functions in
correcting “overwinding”
ahead of replication forks by
breaking, swiveling, and
rejoining DNA strands.
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Molecular Genetics
What is
topoisomerase?
Back
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Molecular Genetics
An alternative model of DNA
replication in which the two
strands of the parental molecule
separate, and each functions as a
template for synthesis of a new,
complementary strand.
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Molecular Genetics
What is
semiconservative
model?
Back
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Molecular Genetics
A promoter on the DNA
sequence crucial in
forming the
transcription initiation
complex.
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Molecular Genetics
What is TATA box?
Back
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Molecular Genetics
A type of RNA that aids in
processing of pre-rRNA
transcripts for ribosome
subunit formation in the
nucleolus.
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Molecular Genetics
What is snoRNA?
Back
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Evolution and
Classification
The principle that frequencies of alleles
and genotypes in a population
remain constant from generation to
generation, provided that only
Mendelian segregation and
recombination of alleles are at work.
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Evolution and
Classification
What is HardyWeinberg theorem?
Back
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Evolution and
Classification
A type of selection that
removes extreme variants
from the population and
preserves intermediate
types.
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Evolution and
Classification
What is stabilizing
selection?
Back
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Evolution and
Classification
A postzygotic barrier in which
the genes of different parent
species may interact and
impair the hybrids
development.
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Evolution and
Classification
What is reduced hybrid
viability?
Back
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Evolution and
Classification
A type of speciation in
which a small population
becomes a new species
without geographic
isolation.
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Evolution and
Classification
What is sympatric
speciation?
Back
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Evolution and
Classification
A principle that states that when
considering multiple explanations
for an observation, one should
first investigate the simplest
explanation that is consistent
with the facts.
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Evolution and
Classification
What is maximum
parsimony?
Back
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Ecology
All organisms that are
part of an ecosystem.
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Ecology
What is biota?
Back
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Ecology
A vast realm of open blue water,
constantly mixed by wind driven
oceanic currents. It is
characterized by high levels of
oxygen, lower nutrient levels,
and lots of phytoplankton and
zooplankton.
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Ecology
What is the oceanic
pelagic biome?
Back
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Ecology
The basis for analyzing
behavior as a
compromise of feeding
costs versus feeding
benefits.
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Ecology
What is the optimal
foraging theory?
Back
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Ecology
A type of mimicry in which a
harmless species looks like
a species that is poisonous
or otherwise harmful to
predators.
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Ecology
What is batesian
mimicry?
Back
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Ecology
This interspecific interaction
can be detrimental to both
species (-/-).
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Ecology
What is competition?
Back
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Labs
The machine used to
measure the light
transmittance in the
photosynthesis lab.
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Labs
What is the
spectrophotometer?
Back
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Labs
In the enzyme catalysis lab,
we concluded that these
variable affect the enzyme
reaction rate.
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Labs
What is pH, temperature,
substrate concentration, and
enzyme concentration?
Back
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Labs
In the mitosis and meiosis
lab, we concluded that
crossing over occurs in this
stage of meiosis.
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Labs
What is prophase 1?
Back
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Labs
In the transpiration lab, we
concluded that these
factors increase the rate of
transpiration.
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Labs
What is wind and light?
Back
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Labs
In the dissolved oxygen
lab, we concluded that
an increase in these
factors decreases
dissolved oxygen.
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Labs
What is temperature
and respiration?
Back
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Biotechnology
The more open, unraveled
form of eukaryotic
chromatin that is
available for
transcription.
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Biotechnology
What is euchromatin?
Back
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Biotechnology
Known as the “guardian
angel of the genome,” it is
a gene that is expressed
when a cell’s DNA us
damaged.
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Biotechnology
What is p53 gene?
Back
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Biotechnology
Isolate plasmid DNA
from bacterial cells
and DNA from human
cells containing the
gene of interest.
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Biotechnology
What is the first step in
cloning a human gene
in a bacterial
plasmid?
Back
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Biotechnology
A vector that combines the
essentials of a eukaryotic
chromosome- an origin for DNA
replication, a centromere, and
two telomeres- with foreign
DNA.
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Biotechnology
What is a yeast
artificial
chromosome?
Back
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Biotechnology
A technique to discover the function
of a gene by introducing specific
changes into the sequence of a
cloned gene, reinserting the
mutated gene into a cell, and
studying the phenotype of the
mutant.
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Biotechnology
What is in vitro
mutagenesis?
Back
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Things We Didn’t
Cover
A member of an
ancient group of
dinosaurs that were
bipedal carnivores.
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Things We Didn’t
Cover
What is theropod?
Back
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Things We Didn’t
Cover
A visual pigment consisting of
retinal and opsin. When it
absorbs light, the retinal changes
shape and dissociates from the
opsin, after which it is converted
back to its original form.
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Things We Didn’t
Cover
What is rhodopsin?
Back
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Things We Didn’t
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The principle that for natural
selection to favor an altruistic act,
the benefit to the recipient,
devalued by the coefficient of
relatedness, must exceed the cost
to the altruist.
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Things We Didn’t
Cover
What is Hamilton’s
rule?
Back
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Things We Didn’t
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Member of the group of
flightless birds.
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Things We Didn’t
Cover
What is ratite?
Back
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Things We Didn’t
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A stinging, capsule-like organelle in
a cnidocyte.
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Things We Didn’t
Cover
What is a nematocyst?
Back
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Final
Jeopardy!!!
Final Jeopardy!!!
The phylum that is deuterostomia and
is characterized as coelomates with
secondary radial anatomy, unique
water vascular system, and having an
edoskeleton.
Final Jeopardy!!!
What is Echinodermata?