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Cells – structure, function, membranes, different types Photosynthesis Respiration Cell Division – mitosis and meiosis Plant Systems Animal Systems Cells PhotoRespiration synthesis Cell Division Plant Systems Animal Systems $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $300 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Double Jeopardy! Cells The organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide. $100 Cells What is a peroxisome? Back $100 Cells The membrane enclosing the central vacuole. $200 Cells What is a tonoplast? Back $200 Cells A large contractile protein forming the side arms of microtubule doublets and cilia and flagella. $300 Cells What is dynein? Back $300 Cells A type of intracellular junction that functions like rivets, fastening cells together into strong sheets. $400 Cells What are desmosomes? Back $400 Cells The attachment structures on the surface of some prokaryotes. $500 Cells What is pili? Back $500 Photosynthesis These reactions are carried out by molecules in the thylakoid membranes, convert light energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NAPH, and split H2O and release O2 to the atmosphere. $100 Photosynthesis What are light reactions? Back $100 Photosynthesis The electron acceptor that temporarily stores energized electrons produced during the light reactions. $200 Photosynthesis What is Back + NADP ? $200 Photosynthesis The carbohydrate produced directly from the Calvin cycle. $300 Photosynthesis What is glyceraldehyde-3phosphate (G3P)? Back $300 Photosynthesis The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle. $400 Photosynthesis What is rubisco? Back $400 Photosynthesis The enzyme NADP+ reductase transfers electrons from Fd to NADP+. Two electrons are required for its reduction to NADPH. $500 Photosynthesis What is the last step in the noncyclic electron flow? Back $500 Respiration The chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another. $100 Respiration What is a redox reaction? Back $100 Respiration A coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during redox reactions of metabolism. $200 Respiration What is Back + NAD ? $200 Respiration The potential energy stored in the form of an electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions across biological membranes during chemiosmosis. $300 Respiration What is the protonmotive force? Back $300 Respiration Acetyl CoA adds its twocarbon acetyl group to oxaloacetate, producing citrate. $400 Respiration What is the first step of the citric acid cycle? Back $400 Respiration An allosteric enzyme with recepetor sites for specific inhibitors and activators. It is inhibited by ATP and stimulated by AMP. $500 Respiration What is phosphofructokinase? Back $500 Cell Division The longest stage of mitosis in which the centrosomes are at opposite ends of the cell. In this stage, the chromosomes convene at the metaphase plate. $100 Cell Division What is metaphase? Back $100 Cell Division A radical array of short microtubules that extends from each centrosome toward the plasma membrane in a cell undergoing mitosis. $200 Cell Division What is an aster? Back $200 Cell Division The protein kinase that is active only when attached to a particular cyclin. $300 Cell Division What is Cdk? Back $300 Cell Division The requirement that to divide, a cell must be attached to the substratum. $400 Cell Division What is anchorage dependence? Back $400 Cell Division The X-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis. $500 Cell Division What is chiasma? Back $500 Topic 5 These ions open the stomata when actively accumulated by guard cells. $100 Topic 5 What is potassium? Back $100 Plant Systems Cells that function in supporting elements in the plant, but with thick, secondary walls strengthened by lignin. Two types are sclereids and fibers. $200 Plant Systems What are sclerenchyma cells? Back $200 Plant Systems A type of angiosperm species which characteristics include one cotelydon, parallel veins, scattered vascular tissue, fibrous root system, pollen grain with one opening, and floral organs in multiples of three. $300 Plant Systems What are monocots? Back $300 Plant Systems A hormone found in leaves, stems, roots, and green fruit and functions in inhibiting growth, closing stomata during water stress, and promoting seed dormancy. $400 Plant System What is abscisic acid? Back $400 Plant System A type of plant that is photosynthetic but obtains nitrogen and minerals by killing and digesting insects and other small animals. They live in acid bogs and other habitats that consist of soil poor in nitrogen and other minerals. $500 Plant System What is a carnivorous plant? Back $500 Animal Systems A tubular excretory system that has internal openings that collect body fluids found in most annelids. $100 Animal Systems What is a metanephridia? Back $100 Animal Systems This hormone increases water retention, thus decreasing urine volume. $200 Animal Systems What is ADH? Back $200 Animal Systems This hormone stimulates the secretion of LH and FSH from the pituitary. $300 Animal Systems What is GnRH? Back $300 Animal Systems A protein in muscle cells in which diving animals, such as seals, have a large concentration of that functions in storing oxygen. $400 Animal Systems What is myoglobin? Back $400 Animal Systems Eion = 62mV log [ion]outside [ion]inside $500 Animal Systems How do you find the equilibrium potential? (Nernst equation) Back $500 Double Jeopardy!!! Molecular Genetics Evolution and Classification Ecology Labs Biotechnology Things We Didn’t Cover Molecular Genetics Evolution And Classification Ecology Labs Biotechnology Things We Didn’t Cover $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $200 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $600 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $800 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 $1000 Final Jeopardy! Molecular Genetics A discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates in a direction away from the replication fork. $200 Molecular Genetics What is the lagging strand? Back $200 Molecular Genetics A protein that functions in correcting “overwinding” ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands. $400 Molecular Genetics What is topoisomerase? Back $400 Molecular Genetics An alternative model of DNA replication in which the two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each functions as a template for synthesis of a new, complementary strand. $600 Molecular Genetics What is semiconservative model? Back $600 Molecular Genetics A promoter on the DNA sequence crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex. $800 Molecular Genetics What is TATA box? Back $800 Molecular Genetics A type of RNA that aids in processing of pre-rRNA transcripts for ribosome subunit formation in the nucleolus. $1000 Molecular Genetics What is snoRNA? Back $1000 Evolution and Classification The principle that frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work. $200 Evolution and Classification What is HardyWeinberg theorem? Back $200 Evolution and Classification A type of selection that removes extreme variants from the population and preserves intermediate types. $400 Evolution and Classification What is stabilizing selection? Back $400 Evolution and Classification A postzygotic barrier in which the genes of different parent species may interact and impair the hybrids development. $600 Evolution and Classification What is reduced hybrid viability? Back $600 Evolution and Classification A type of speciation in which a small population becomes a new species without geographic isolation. $800 Evolution and Classification What is sympatric speciation? Back $800 Evolution and Classification A principle that states that when considering multiple explanations for an observation, one should first investigate the simplest explanation that is consistent with the facts. $1000 Evolution and Classification What is maximum parsimony? Back $1000 Ecology All organisms that are part of an ecosystem. $200 Ecology What is biota? Back $200 Ecology A vast realm of open blue water, constantly mixed by wind driven oceanic currents. It is characterized by high levels of oxygen, lower nutrient levels, and lots of phytoplankton and zooplankton. $400 Ecology What is the oceanic pelagic biome? Back $400 Ecology The basis for analyzing behavior as a compromise of feeding costs versus feeding benefits. $600 Ecology What is the optimal foraging theory? Back $600 Ecology A type of mimicry in which a harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or otherwise harmful to predators. $800 Ecology What is batesian mimicry? Back $800 Ecology This interspecific interaction can be detrimental to both species (-/-). $1000 Ecology What is competition? Back $1000 Labs The machine used to measure the light transmittance in the photosynthesis lab. $200 Labs What is the spectrophotometer? Back $200 Labs In the enzyme catalysis lab, we concluded that these variable affect the enzyme reaction rate. $400 Labs What is pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration? Back $400 Labs In the mitosis and meiosis lab, we concluded that crossing over occurs in this stage of meiosis. $600 Labs What is prophase 1? Back $600 Labs In the transpiration lab, we concluded that these factors increase the rate of transpiration. $800 Labs What is wind and light? Back $800 Labs In the dissolved oxygen lab, we concluded that an increase in these factors decreases dissolved oxygen. $1000 Labs What is temperature and respiration? Back $1000 Biotechnology The more open, unraveled form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription. $200 Biotechnology What is euchromatin? Back $200 Biotechnology Known as the “guardian angel of the genome,” it is a gene that is expressed when a cell’s DNA us damaged. $400 Biotechnology What is p53 gene? Back $400 Biotechnology Isolate plasmid DNA from bacterial cells and DNA from human cells containing the gene of interest. $600 Biotechnology What is the first step in cloning a human gene in a bacterial plasmid? Back $600 Biotechnology A vector that combines the essentials of a eukaryotic chromosome- an origin for DNA replication, a centromere, and two telomeres- with foreign DNA. $800 Biotechnology What is a yeast artificial chromosome? Back $800 Biotechnology A technique to discover the function of a gene by introducing specific changes into the sequence of a cloned gene, reinserting the mutated gene into a cell, and studying the phenotype of the mutant. $1000 Biotechnology What is in vitro mutagenesis? Back $1000 Things We Didn’t Cover A member of an ancient group of dinosaurs that were bipedal carnivores. $200 Things We Didn’t Cover What is theropod? Back $200 Things We Didn’t Cover A visual pigment consisting of retinal and opsin. When it absorbs light, the retinal changes shape and dissociates from the opsin, after which it is converted back to its original form. $400 Things We Didn’t Cover What is rhodopsin? Back $400 Things We Didn’t Cover The principle that for natural selection to favor an altruistic act, the benefit to the recipient, devalued by the coefficient of relatedness, must exceed the cost to the altruist. $600 Things We Didn’t Cover What is Hamilton’s rule? Back $600 Things We Didn’t Cover Member of the group of flightless birds. $800 Things We Didn’t Cover What is ratite? Back $800 Things We Didn’t Cover A stinging, capsule-like organelle in a cnidocyte. $1000 Things We Didn’t Cover What is a nematocyst? Back $1000 Final Jeopardy!!! Final Jeopardy!!! The phylum that is deuterostomia and is characterized as coelomates with secondary radial anatomy, unique water vascular system, and having an edoskeleton. Final Jeopardy!!! What is Echinodermata?