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Propaganda
A way of using images and/or words, to
achieve a desired effect or outcome
Propaganda
• Clouds reality
• Excites emotions
• Exploits
insecurities
• Bends the rules of
logic
• Manipulates
• Causes people to
accept a belief
• Causes people to
adopt a certain
behavior
• Causes people to
Is there a problem?
•The Institute for Propaganda Analysis was a U.S.-based organization
composed of social scientists, opinion leaders, historians, educators, and
journalists.
•Created in 1937 by Kirtley Mather, Edward A. Filene, and Clyde R. Miller, the
IPA formed with the general concern that increased amounts of propaganda
were decreasing the public’s ability to develop their own critical thoughts.
• The purpose of the IPA was to spark rational thinking and provide a guide to
help the public have well-informed discussions on current issues. “To teach
people how to think rather than what to think.”
• The IPA focused on domestic propaganda issues that might become
possible threats to the democratic ways of life.
Types of Propaganda
1. Name-calling
an attack on a person rather than an
issue
Types of Propaganda
2. Bandwagon
attempts to convince an audience
that they should do something
because “everyone else is doing it.”
Ex. An ad that states everyone is
rushing down to their ford dealer.
Types of Propaganda
3. Red Herring
• an attempt to distract the reader with
details not relevant to the argument
The reader or viewer is offered a money-saving coupon, a
free prize, or a chance to win a contest. Cosmetic
companies offer free gifts with a minimum purchase.
This technique is also called red herring. Many states
have restrictions on these offers, and the federal
government has investigated some of the contests. (Is it
better to buy a product because you know it is good, or
because of something else you get with it?)
• "Julian Epstein, Democratic counsel for the House Judiciary
Committee, told MSNBC that he doesn't think any new evidence
turned up by Reno (about the standoff at Waco) will amount to
much. "You can Monday morning quarterback this thing all you
want, but that's not going to change what happened," he said. "The
FBI had information that children were being hurt inside the building
and they took action. Unless we come up with something that
contradicts what the FBI was told, I don't think this investigation will
amount to much.“
• What does suspected child abuse have to do with it? Does that
justify using CS gas to get them out? We're not arguing about why
they took action (although we could argue about that). We are
arguing about the action they took. Does suspected child abuse
justify the use of an internationally banned, flammable irritant on
everyone, including the kids?
Types of Propaganda
4. Emotional Appeal
• tries to persuade the reader by using
words that appeal to the reader’s
emotions instead of to logic or reason
• Ex. an insurance company pamphlet
includes pictures of houses destroyed
floods, followed up by details about homeowners’ insurance.
Types of Propaganda
5. Testimonial
a public figure or celebrity endorses
a product, policy or a political
candidate
Types of Propaganda
6. Repetition
The repetition of key phrases,
product name or images in print
Ex. “head-on” –shorten homes jingle
Types of Propaganda
7. Sweeping Generalization
Makes an oversimplified statement
about a group based on limited
information
Types of Propaganda
8. Circular Argument
states a conclusion as part of the
proof about the argument
Types of Propaganda
9.appeal to numbers, facts, or
statistics
attempts to persuade the reader by
showing how many people think
something is true
Which one is it?
1. Al Gore speaking to an environmentalist group
with the Grand Canyon as his background; a
politician making a speech in front of the United
States flag or picture of Thomas Jefferson;
President Clinton next to Rosa Parks during a civil
rights speech.
2. "Millions of Americans use Bayer aspirin."
"Mitsubishi is the fastest growing car maker."
3. Wal-Mart using real photos of employees in sales
flyers.
4. Prudential Insurance’s Thanksgiving commercial
featuring video footage of homes burnt down as a
result of turkey fryer accidents.
Which one is it?
• Sham-wow
• “Miracle Diet Tea! Loose weight just by
drinking tea! Our Miracle Diet Tea helps
you to lose weight by absorbing most of
the fat you eat before it is digested.
Studies have shown that Miracle Diet Tea
has helped millions of Americans!
Thousands of doctors attest to the
effectiveness of Miracle Diet Tea!”
What is It?
•
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Obama
Proactiv
Sarah Palin
Daisy Girl
Create own commercial
each group will turn in
sheet with the following items:
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•
•
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Group members’ name
Commercial title
Product name
Product special features
Price
Targeted audience
Script (details all dialogue
and action w/I
commercial)
• 4 types of propaganda
used
Commercial must be:
 60 seconds long
 Performed
 Clear in use of
propaganda