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Propaganda A way of using images and/or words, to achieve a desired effect or outcome Propaganda • Clouds reality • Excites emotions • Exploits insecurities • Bends the rules of logic • Manipulates • Causes people to accept a belief • Causes people to adopt a certain behavior • Causes people to Is there a problem? •The Institute for Propaganda Analysis was a U.S.-based organization composed of social scientists, opinion leaders, historians, educators, and journalists. •Created in 1937 by Kirtley Mather, Edward A. Filene, and Clyde R. Miller, the IPA formed with the general concern that increased amounts of propaganda were decreasing the public’s ability to develop their own critical thoughts. • The purpose of the IPA was to spark rational thinking and provide a guide to help the public have well-informed discussions on current issues. “To teach people how to think rather than what to think.” • The IPA focused on domestic propaganda issues that might become possible threats to the democratic ways of life. Types of Propaganda 1. Name-calling an attack on a person rather than an issue Types of Propaganda 2. Bandwagon attempts to convince an audience that they should do something because “everyone else is doing it.” Ex. An ad that states everyone is rushing down to their ford dealer. Types of Propaganda 3. Red Herring • an attempt to distract the reader with details not relevant to the argument The reader or viewer is offered a money-saving coupon, a free prize, or a chance to win a contest. Cosmetic companies offer free gifts with a minimum purchase. This technique is also called red herring. Many states have restrictions on these offers, and the federal government has investigated some of the contests. (Is it better to buy a product because you know it is good, or because of something else you get with it?) • "Julian Epstein, Democratic counsel for the House Judiciary Committee, told MSNBC that he doesn't think any new evidence turned up by Reno (about the standoff at Waco) will amount to much. "You can Monday morning quarterback this thing all you want, but that's not going to change what happened," he said. "The FBI had information that children were being hurt inside the building and they took action. Unless we come up with something that contradicts what the FBI was told, I don't think this investigation will amount to much.“ • What does suspected child abuse have to do with it? Does that justify using CS gas to get them out? We're not arguing about why they took action (although we could argue about that). We are arguing about the action they took. Does suspected child abuse justify the use of an internationally banned, flammable irritant on everyone, including the kids? Types of Propaganda 4. Emotional Appeal • tries to persuade the reader by using words that appeal to the reader’s emotions instead of to logic or reason • Ex. an insurance company pamphlet includes pictures of houses destroyed floods, followed up by details about homeowners’ insurance. Types of Propaganda 5. Testimonial a public figure or celebrity endorses a product, policy or a political candidate Types of Propaganda 6. Repetition The repetition of key phrases, product name or images in print Ex. “head-on” –shorten homes jingle Types of Propaganda 7. Sweeping Generalization Makes an oversimplified statement about a group based on limited information Types of Propaganda 8. Circular Argument states a conclusion as part of the proof about the argument Types of Propaganda 9.appeal to numbers, facts, or statistics attempts to persuade the reader by showing how many people think something is true Which one is it? 1. Al Gore speaking to an environmentalist group with the Grand Canyon as his background; a politician making a speech in front of the United States flag or picture of Thomas Jefferson; President Clinton next to Rosa Parks during a civil rights speech. 2. "Millions of Americans use Bayer aspirin." "Mitsubishi is the fastest growing car maker." 3. Wal-Mart using real photos of employees in sales flyers. 4. Prudential Insurance’s Thanksgiving commercial featuring video footage of homes burnt down as a result of turkey fryer accidents. Which one is it? • Sham-wow • “Miracle Diet Tea! Loose weight just by drinking tea! Our Miracle Diet Tea helps you to lose weight by absorbing most of the fat you eat before it is digested. Studies have shown that Miracle Diet Tea has helped millions of Americans! Thousands of doctors attest to the effectiveness of Miracle Diet Tea!” What is It? • • • • Obama Proactiv Sarah Palin Daisy Girl Create own commercial each group will turn in sheet with the following items: • • • • • • • Group members’ name Commercial title Product name Product special features Price Targeted audience Script (details all dialogue and action w/I commercial) • 4 types of propaganda used Commercial must be: 60 seconds long Performed Clear in use of propaganda