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Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 13 Psychological Disorders Modified from: James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers Psychological Disorders Psychological Disorder “Harmful dysfunction” in which behavior judged to be: Atypical Disturbing Maladaptive Unjustifiable Perspectives on Psychological Disorders Medical Model Concept that diseases have physical causes Assumes “mental” illnesses diagnosed on basis of symptoms, treated & possibly cured through therapy, may include treatment in psychiatric hospital Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective Assumes that biological, socio-cultural, & psychological factors combine & interact to produce psychological disorders Classifying Psychological Disorders DSM-IV (DSM-IV-TR) American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition) Widely used system for classifying psychological disorders Anxiety Disorders Distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety Generalized Anxiety Disorder Tense, apprehensive & in state of autonomic nervous system arousal Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder Minutes-long episode of intense dread Experience terror & accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensation Phobia Persistent, irrational fear of specific object/situation Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) &/or actions (compulsions) Dissociative Disorders Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, & feelings Dissociative Identity Disorder (formerly multiple personality disorder) Rare dissociative disorder in which exhibits 2 or more distinct & alternating personalities Personality Disorders Characterized by inflexible & enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning Usually without anxiety, depression, or delusions Antisocial Personality Disorder Disorder in which exhibits lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends & family May be aggressive & ruthless or clever con artist Mood Disorders Characterized by emotional extremes Major Depressive Disorder For no apparent reason, experience 2 or more weeks of depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, & diminished interest or pleasure in most activities Mood Disorders Manic Episode Marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state Bipolar Disorder (formerly manicdepressive disorder) Alternate between hopelessness & lethargy of depression & overexcited state of mania Schizophrenia Schizophrenia (“split mind”) Group of severe disorders characterized by: disorganized & delusional thinking disturbed perceptions inappropriate emotions & actions Positive vs. negative symptoms Schizophrenia Delusions False beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders Hallucinations Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation Schizophrenia Rates of Psychological Disorders