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Mental Illness Ch. 4 Mental Disorders Defined… An illness that affects the mind and reduces a person’ ability to function, to change, or to get along with others. Mental health experts see abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors as signs or symptoms of a mental disorder. 1:6 people suffer from a mental illness Causes of Mental Illness • Heredity • Physical Factors: brain damage from an injury, brain tumor, infection to brain, exposure to toxic chemical, or alcohol and drug use. • Experiences: early negative experiences such as a abuse or recent negative experiences such as a loss. Can be grouped into categories: (These are some, not all, of the categories) • • • • • Anxiety Disorders Mood Disorders Schizophrenia Impulse – Control Disorders Eating Disorders Anxiety Disorders • A disorder that usually causes strong nervousness, worry, or panic and interferes with daily living and functioning. • Can be treated with medicine and/or counseling. Some can be cured completely • Anxiety can be constant over a long time or it may occur in short bursts • Include: General Anxiety Disorders, Phobias, Panic Attacks, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Post-Traumatic Stress disorder. Generalized Anxiety Disorders • Intense worry, fears, or anxiety lasting most days for at least 6 months • Thoughts and worries don’t have a specific source • Warning signs include: restlessness, fatigue, trouble sleeping, and trouble concentrating. – Many of these signs are common symptoms of stress Panic Disorder (type of anxiety disorder) • An anxiety disorder that causes a person to have brief periods of extreme anxiety called panic attacks. • Panic attacks can be triggered by anxiety or specific things called Phobias (ie: spiders, flying, clowns) or by social situations (ie. Meeting new people, speaking in public) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (type of anxiety disorder) • An Obsession is an unwanted thought or image that takes control of the mind and may lead to a compulsion • A Compulsion is an unreasonable need to behave in a certain way to prevent feared outcome (the obsession) • They are usually always present but tend to become more apparent when person is anxious. • Can be treated with medicine and/or counseling. Can be cured completely OCD Symptoms Obsessive Thoughts • Fear of dirt or germs • Fear of causing harm – Door unlock, oven on • Need for order and symmetry Compulsions • Extreme cleaning • Excessive double checking • Ordering/arranging • Mental ritual – Praying, numbering/counting Post – Traumatic Stress Disorder (type of anxiety disorder) • A disorder that can occur after someone has experienced intense fear, helplessness, or horror (rape, war, natural disaster, abuse, accidents, and captivity) • After the event, they continually experience the event, avoid individual, thoughts, or situations associated with the event and have symptoms of excessive emotions. Mood Disorders • An illness where people experience extreme emotions that make it difficult to function well in daily life. 2 types: 1. Depression 2. Bipolar Depression (type of mood disorder) • A mood disorder in which a person is extremely sad and hopeless for an extended time period • Can be triggered by chronic distress or genetically • Treatment can be meds and/or counseling Risk Factors for Depression • Genetics • Major life change or prolonged stressful situation • Being a victim or witness of a violent crime • A previous bout of depression • A sense of hopelessness Symptoms of Depression • • • • • • • Sadness & tearfulness for no reason Lack of energy and motivation Excessive or lack of sleep Feelings of guilt and hopelessness Thoughts of suicide Social withdraw Don’t care attitude Bipolar (type of mood disorder) • Illness in which people have uncontrollable mood changes • Also called manic depression • Moods are on opposites end of spectrum • Manic states cause increased energy and irritation. Person is irrational • Depression state is extremely low, often not getting out a bed and tending to responsibilities • Usually needs to be medicated for stable moods Self-Injury An unhealthy way to cope with emotions, stress, or traumatic events Includes: cutting, scratching, or burning Reason for self-injury is to relieve painful feelings or divert emotional pain to physical pain Self-Injury can be a symptom of a mood disorder, anxiety disorder, or eating disorder. Schizophrenia • Severe disturbances in thinking, mood, awareness, and behavior. • Symptoms include hallucinations (sensing something that isn’t real), delusions (false belief), and paranoia • Ranges in severity from mild to severe • Usually require life-long treatment with medicine. Impulse Control Disorders People with impulse – control disorder cannot resist the impulse, or drive, to act in a certain way that is harmful to themselves or others. Examples include: • • • • Kleptomania Gambling Shopping Pyromania