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Natural Selection Darwin’s Breakthrough Theory The Struggle for Existence Darwin believed that there is a constant struggle for survival in the natural world The faster or “smarter” the predator the more likely it is to capture food The better camouflaged, protected, or cunning the prey the more likely it would not be eaten Survival of the Fittest Fitness – how well an individual is able to survive and reproduce in a specific environment Adaptation – an inherited trait which makes an individual more fit in its environment Darwin called this natural selection because of its similarity to artificial selection How Natural Selection Works All populations have genetic diversity (they are not 100% identical) If an individual is born/produced that has trait which make it more fit it then is more likely to survive and reproduce When it reproduces there is a higher chance that the beneficial traits will be passed on to its offspring Natural Selection Over very long periods of time this selection can lead to the entire population having the similar beneficial traits which then makes the entire population more fit Peppered moth activity Survival of the Sneakiest Evidence of Evolution The fossil record Shows the gradual change in species over LONG periods of time Geographic Distribution of Living Species The existence of similar but different species on different continents leads to two conclusions The species evolved from a common ancestor The continents where once connected (Pangea) Homologous Body Structures Structures with the same developmental origins and internal structures but are used for different things Vestigal Organs “left over” structures from a common ancestor Similarities in Embryology The early stages of development of animals with backbones are very similar