* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download The Chemical Basis of Life
Nuclear binding energy wikipedia , lookup
Livermorium wikipedia , lookup
Bond valence method wikipedia , lookup
Molecular Hamiltonian wikipedia , lookup
Oxidation state wikipedia , lookup
Chemical element wikipedia , lookup
Electrochemistry wikipedia , lookup
Periodic table wikipedia , lookup
Photoelectric effect wikipedia , lookup
Metastable inner-shell molecular state wikipedia , lookup
Low-energy electron diffraction wikipedia , lookup
X-ray fluorescence wikipedia , lookup
History of chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Electrical resistivity and conductivity wikipedia , lookup
Photosynthetic reaction centre wikipedia , lookup
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Molecular orbital diagram wikipedia , lookup
Auger electron spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Metalloprotein wikipedia , lookup
Electronegativity wikipedia , lookup
Hypervalent molecule wikipedia , lookup
Atomic orbital wikipedia , lookup
Resonance (chemistry) wikipedia , lookup
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry wikipedia , lookup
Extended periodic table wikipedia , lookup
Chemistry: A Volatile History wikipedia , lookup
IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry 2005 wikipedia , lookup
Atomic nucleus wikipedia , lookup
Metallic bonding wikipedia , lookup
History of molecular theory wikipedia , lookup
Chemical bond wikipedia , lookup
The Chemical Basis of Life Chapter 4 Matter Anything that occupies space. Composed of one or more chemical elements. Examples? Element vs. Compound Element: A pure substance that can not be broken down into other substances by chemical means. Compound: Composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio. 4 elements make up 96% of living matter in your body. They are: O – Oxygen H – Hydrogen C – Carbon N – Nitrogen Examples Iron is an Element: Fe Water is a compound: H 2O Salt is a compound: NaCl + = Different elements have different properties These properties are based on the structure of their atoms. Atoms Are made up of subatomic particles Protons Neutrons Electrons http://www.pearsonsuccessnet.com/snpapp/i Text/products/0-13-115075-8/index.html Atomic Number The number of protons in an atom All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number. Electrons and Reactivity An atom’s electrons determine its reactivity. There are different energy levels surrounding the nucleus into which electrons are placed. 1st Energy Level Closest to the nucleus Holds 2 electrons 2nd Energy Level Holds 8 electrons The energy levels closest to the nucleus Having partially filled energy levels is what makes atoms reactive. Carbon: Draw models for: Neon (10 electrons) Nitrogen (7 electrons) Lithium (3 electrons) Which atom(s) is/are reactive? Which is/are not as reactive? Ionic Bonds When an atom transfers an electron to another atom. Example: Lithium Lithium Fluoride (LiF) (3 electrons) + Flourine (9 electrons) Ionic Bonds (continued) When the electron moves from one atom to another, the atoms now become charged (ions). What are the charges on each atom? Li (+) F (-) What happens now with these two ions? Covalent Bonds When two atoms share electrons Stronger than an ionic bond Structure of Water H & O covalently bonded together. Water is polar It has a slightly positive charge on one end and a slightly negative charge on the other.