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Consistency of observed winter precipitation trends in northern Europe with regional climate change projections Jonas Bhend and Hans von Storch GKSS Research Institute, Geesthacht, Germany Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Motivation > Gap between formal detection and attribution studies and “significant trends” studies > Are the recent trends consistent with regional climate change projections? — Plausibility arguments — A priori assumption about the mechanism — Less informative than DnA but no estimate of natural variability needed Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Data > Observations: — CRU TS 2.1 monthly precipitation — 0.5° latitude-longitude grid > Climate change scenarios: — — — — RCAO simulations of the SMHI (PRUDENCE) 0.44° rotated grid Two different driving GCMs, HadAM3H and ECHAM4/OPYC3 Two emission scenarios SRES A2 and B2 — Four climate change scenarios defined as the difference between 1961-1990 and 2071-2100 mean Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Method > Pattern correlation S O i PCC i S O 2 i i > i 2 i S: Climate change signal O: Trends in observations i Ratio of Intensities O S with: 1 O Oi2 n i and: 1 S Si2 n i Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Climate change scenarios... Mastertitelformat bearbeiten ... and observations Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Pattern correlation > Patterns are similar > Better correspondence with ECHAM scenarios > Better correspondence with stronger GHG forcing (A2) Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Sensitivity of PCCs > Bootstrap with CRU precip fields — randomly select precip fields — compute trends — correlate trend fields > Autocorrelation: moving blocks bootstrap, 5 years Histogram of PCCs for the Baltic catchment (shaded) and northern Europe (hatched) Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Pattern correlation > PCCs for the Baltic catchment significant > PCCs for all of northern Europe are not significant for HadAM B2 > Above findings robust to removal of the NAO Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Intensity > Change in the observations much stronger than in scenarios — RCM simulations are wrong — additional forcings — natural variability Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Mean change > Change in the observations much stronger than in scenarios — RCM simulations are wrong — additional forcings — natural variability Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Different trend lengths > > > PCCs decrease with increasing trend length Significance levels are not affected by choice of trend length Intensity and mean change decrease with increasing trend length Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Conclusions - pattern correlation > Baltic catchment: — Regional climate change scenarios are consistent — Observed and expected patterns are similar and significant > Northern Europe: — Regional climate change scenarios are partly consistent — Pattern similarity with HadAM signal could be random Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Conclusions - intensity > Both intensity and mean change suggest that: > Assuming the model response to anthropogenic forcing is correct, a large part (30 to 70 percent) of the observed trends is due to other factors (e.g. natural variability). Mastertitelformat bearbeiten Thank you for your attention.