Download English - Global Environment Facility

Climate Change Focal Area:
Mitigation and Adaptation
Chemicals Focal Area
AU Seminar – April 5, 2011
Dimitrios Zevgolis, Program
Manager, Climate Change Specialist
CC Mission
GEF projects contribute to the overall objective of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) "to achieve [...] stabilization of greenhouse
gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous
anthropogenic interference with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved
within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate
change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic
development to proceed in a sustainable manner" (from the text of the UNFCCC,
Art.2).
Mitigation: Transform the market development paths of eligible countries into
trajectories with low GHG emissions.
Adaptation: Assist developing countries in piloting how to address the adverse
impacts of climate change, including variability (adaptation measures, adaptive
capacity, ecosystem resilience)
Financing Climate Change under
the GEF Trust Fund
• GEF Trust Fund invested in about $3 billion in
over 150 countries
– Mitigation
–Adaptation
–Technology Needs Assessments
– National Communications to the UNFCCC
• Largest multilateral public-sector technology
transfer mechanism
– Financed demonstration, deployment,
diffusion, and transfer of environmentally
sound technologies
Roles of the GEF in Climate Change
Financing
• Catalytic
– Leveraged more than $18 billion in cofinancing on its $3 billion of investments
• Innovative
– Leader in financing new, emerging low-carbon
technologies (FCB, CSP, etc.)
– Pioneer in supporting market-based
approaches (e.g., ESCOs) and innovative
financial instruments
• Cost-effective
– More than 1 billion tonnes of greenhouse gas
emissions avoided, equivalent to nearly 4
percent of annual human emissions
COP Mandate to GEF on Technology
Transfer
• Poznan Strategic Program on Technology
Transfer (COP decision 2/CP.14)
– Support for Technology Needs Assessments
– Support for Technology Transfer Pilot
Projects
– Dissemination of successfully demonstrated
technologies and know-how
• GEF-5 replenishment
– $4.3 billion total (six focal areas)
– $1.4 billion for climate change mitigation
Guiding Principles for GEF-5 Strategy
• Responsiveness to Convention guidance
• Consideration of national circumstances of recipient countries
• Cost-effectiveness in achieving global environmental benefits
Climate Change
Mitigation
Strategic Objectives for GEF-5
• SO1: Demonstration, deployment, and transfer of
innovative low-carbon technologies
• SO2: Market transformation for energy efficiency in
industry and the building sector
• SO3: Investment in renewable energy technologies
• SO4: Energy efficient, low-carbon transport and
urban systems
• SO5: Conservation and enhancement of carbon
stocks through sustainable management of land use
and forestry
• SO6: Enabling activities and capacity building
Climate Change
Adaptation
GEF and Adaptation
• The GEF supports projects in Climate Change
Adaptation:
– Aiming at developing countries to become
climate-resilient by promoting both immediate and
longer-term adaptation measures in development
policies, plans, programs, projects, and actions.
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GEF and Adaptation
Since its inception in 1991 GEF supported:
• Over $350 million for 84 projects in Climate Change
Adaptation
– 26 innovative adaptation pilot projects through the Strategic Priority
for Adaptation (SPA), a $50 million pilot
– 58 projects in 62 developing countries through the Least Developed
Countries Fund (LDCF) and the Special Climate Change Fund with more
than $300 million combined.
– 44 National Adaptation Programs of Action completed, 48 financed
(LDCs)
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Achievements – LDCF and SCCF
•
•
•
•
Groundbreaking work in
implementing adaptation
action
Strong catalytic effect
Concrete results in
pioneering adaptation
action in some of the
poorest countries in the
world
Dialogue with LDCs,
including active
participation in the LEG
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Climate Change Adaptation: UNFCCC Funds (LDCF
& SCCF) vs.
GEF Trust Fund
GEF TRUST FUND:
•
•
•
•
Incremental cost
Global benefits
STAR
Conventional
Co-financing
UNFCCC FUNDS:
(LDCF & SCCF)
•
•
•
•
•
Additional cost
Sliding scale (optional)
No STAR
No Global benefits
Different approach to
co-financing
Climate Change Adaptation:
LDCF and SCCF
• LDCF projects support National Adaptation Plans of
Action (NAPAs) and identifies ‘urgent and
immediate adaptation needs’
• SCCF adaptation projects support adaptation
actions in non-annex I parties
– Priorities for financing: water, land management,
agriculture, health, infrastructure development, fragile
ecosystems, integrated coastal zone management,
disaster risk management and prevention
Chemicals Focal
Areas
Chemicals: Strategic Directions
• Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
• Ozone layer depletion
• Collaboration with other focal areas: IW, LD,
Bio, CC
– Cross-cutting strategy for Sound Chemicals
Management
Chemicals Management
• Brings together POPs, Ozone Depletion
Substances, Mercury and Sound Chemical
Management for increased coherence
• $425 million allocated to chemicals. The
distribution of resources is as follows:
POPs: $375 million
Ozone: $25 million
Sound chemicals management and mercury
reduction: $25 million
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Background to GEF Chemicals
Management
• GEF is the financial mechanism for the Stockholm Convention (SC)
on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
• GEF is the largest public funder for Chemicals management
• 5 GEF agencies are active in POPs projects UNDP, UNEP, UNIDO,
World Bank and FAO.
• GEF supports implementation of the Montreal Protocol (MP) in
Countries with Economies in Transition (CEITs). GEF widely
credited with sharing the success of the MP so far with amounts
phased out in Russia and CEITs roughly equivalent to amounts
phased out in all developing countries.
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Chemicals: POPs
• What are POPs?
– Toxic chemicals persistent in environment; accumulate in human
organisms and wildlife; travel long distances through air or sea (DDT,
PCBs, dioxins)
– Most POPs have been banned in OECD countries in 1970s
• Why should we care?
– POPs contaminate environment long after being released
– Long-term exposure to low levels of POPs hinders cognitive
development
– Hazardous to health and environment locally
– Limited developing country capacity to manage POPs and other
chemicals
POPs Outlook for GEF-5
• Increased attention to potential for
synergies with other focal areas, in
particular with climate mitigation and
releases of un-intentionally produced
POPs (dioxins).
• Proposal to address chemicals in a more
comprehensive manner, whilst keeping
focus on mandate as financial mechanism
to the Stockholm Convention.
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Chemicals: Ozone Layer Depletion
• The ozone layer protects the earth from harmful sun radiation (UV-B)
which causes cataract and skin cancers. The layer is destroyed by manmade Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS), such as CFCs, in the past widely
used in sprays, refrigerants, and foam agents.
• The GEF supports CEITs in implementing Montreal Protocol provisions for
elimination of ODS production and consumption (Developing countries
access a dedicated Multilateral Fund)
• Most of the work completed and the ozone layer is expected to recover by
2050.
• On-going work to address HCFCs (CFC substitutes) driven by their impact
on climate and ozone layer
– HCFCs and CFCs are both powerful GHGs
Additional GEF-5 Programs
 Demonstration of mercury reduction activities
through;
 Reducing mercury use and exposure in Artisanal and
Small- scale Goal Mining (ASGM)
 Enhancing capacity for safe storage
 Reducing atmospheric emissions of mercury
 Improving data and scientific information at national
level
 Managing wastes and contaminated sites
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Additional GEF-5 Programs cont’d
• Pilot implementation of SAICM priorities to
generate global environmental benefits; Pilot
implementation of SAICM priorities to generate
global environmental benefits. Possible project
areas include:
– Lead in paint;
– E-wastes and
– Chemicals in products
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Sound Chemicals Management
Activities are intended to support
synergistic interventions that generate
multi-focal area benefits through
projects that significantly contribute
and produce positive impacts towards
the fulfillment of obligations in
relevant conventions (including
Stockholm Convention, Convention on
Biological Diversity, Convention to
Combat Desertification, and others).
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Thank you
Questions?