* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download This business of climate change - The University of the West Indies
Global warming wikipedia , lookup
General circulation model wikipedia , lookup
Heaven and Earth (book) wikipedia , lookup
2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference wikipedia , lookup
Economics of climate change mitigation wikipedia , lookup
German Climate Action Plan 2050 wikipedia , lookup
Climate change feedback wikipedia , lookup
ExxonMobil climate change controversy wikipedia , lookup
Climate sensitivity wikipedia , lookup
Climate resilience wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on human health wikipedia , lookup
Climate change denial wikipedia , lookup
Politics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate engineering wikipedia , lookup
Attribution of recent climate change wikipedia , lookup
Climate change adaptation wikipedia , lookup
Solar radiation management wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in Tuvalu wikipedia , lookup
Climate governance wikipedia , lookup
Economics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Citizens' Climate Lobby wikipedia , lookup
Media coverage of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Scientific opinion on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Public opinion on global warming wikipedia , lookup
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on Australia wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on humans wikipedia , lookup
Surveys of scientists' views on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Climate change, industry and society wikipedia , lookup
The business of climate change; opportunity or threat to Caribbean industry Implications of Climate Change to Tourism BusinessAlexander in the Caribbean Mr. Jason 1 This business of Climate Change: threats to & opportunities for the Caribbean Tourism Industry Dr. Marlene Attzs and Mr. Jason Alexander Department of Economics, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago [email protected] ; [email protected] CONTENT Economic Significance of Regional Tourism Industry Climate change and SIDS Challenges to the sustainable development of tourism Climate change and Tourism International Tourism Response Regional Tourism Response Policy conclusions for Caribbean Tourism Sector Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 3 Economic Significance of Regional Tourism Industry GDP Antigua & Aruba Jamaica St. Lucia Barbuda 21 13.8 7.7 16.8 Employment 34.6 38 19.1 35.4 Capital Investment 61.2 31 36.8 60.5 74.3 62.7 31.1 43.3 Foreign Exchange Reserve Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 4 Profile of Tourists – CTO Reports CRUISE PASSENGERS vs. TOTAL TOURIST ARRIVALS TO THE CARIBBEAN 25 20 15 Tourist Arrivals Cruise Passengers 10 5 20 02 20 00 19 98 19 96 19 94 19 92 0 19 90 NO. OF TOURISTS (M ) YEAR Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 5 Origin of Tourists to CARICOM PERCENTAGE OF TOURIST BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN 70 60 % OF TOURIST 50 1995 40 2000 30 2004 20 10 0 US Canada Europe COUNTRY Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean LAC 6 Sustaining the Caribbean Tourism Industry Sustainable Tourism Development: ‘Minimizes the negative impacts of tourism development on the natural environment and vice versa with a view to satisfying the goals of intragenerational equity and intergenerational equity.’ culled from Munasinghe 1993. Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 7 Sustaining the Caribbean Tourism Industry Two challenges to sustainable development of the regional tourism industry: Maintaining tourism industry within the region’s ecological and socio-cultural carrying capacity; Anticipate and adapt to climate change impacts. (reduced emissions and energy consumption within the tourism industry) Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 8 Potential Physical Impacts of Climate Change on Caribbean Tourism Warmer temperatures in Europe – Caribbean less attractive as a destination for European tourists. Increase in intensity and frequency of windstorm-related events. Coral bleaching – impact on the marine flora and fauna that constitute a significant part of the Caribbean tourism product. Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 9 Potential Physical Impacts of Climate Change on Caribbean Tourism Coastal Erosion Water supply Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 10 Potential Economic Impacts of CC on Caribbean Tourism Industry ECONOMIC IMPACT Reduced Tourism LOW CASE HIGH CASE $M $M 164.5 500.5 Loss of beaches 83.4 718.1 Facility Replacement 9.1 79.3 Lost dive-, eco-tourism 11.9 36.2 268.9 1,334.1 TOTAL Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 11 Potential Economic Impacts of CC on the Caribbean Tourism Industry TOTAL DAMAGE AND FREQUENCY OF NATURAL DISASTERS 1990-2006 Frequency of Natural Events 14 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 FREQUENCY TOTAL DAMAGES ($M) Antigua & Bahamas Grenada Jamaica Barbuda Country Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 12 Insurance Market Rising Premiums. Reinsurance Companies cannot absorb rising cost. Not building near beaches. Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 13 International Tourism Response : reducing their carbon footprint Hotels Hilton (Energy Efficient Lighting Retrofit Program) InterContinental Thalasso Spa (natural Lighting and an eco-friendly air conditioning system) Airline Silver Jet (Mandatory Carbon Neutral Purchasing) Virgin Atlantic (Partner with Boeing to reduce emissions) Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 14 Caribbean Tourism Response: impacts of climate change Hotels Greening (Caribbean leads the world in Green Globe 21 certified properties – 57. Hotel Mocking Bird Hill (Port Antonio, Jamaica) Airline Caribbean Airlines (Invested in wing tips, Carbon Neutral Company, target to reduce CO2 emissions by 4000-5000 tons) Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 15 Conclusions Actors within Caribbean Tourism Industry cannot afford to ignore the physical and economic impacts of CC highlighted at onset. (opportunity cost is too high) We cannot overemphasize the benefits of mitigation, especially with Natural Disasters. Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 16 Conclusions Actors need to view their adaptation and mitigation to Climate Change for what it is: 1. Energy Saving and 2. Cost Reducing (Hotel Mocking Bird Hill) Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 17 Conclusions Demand for Green Tourism by from a more educated Tourist. Climate Change presents an opportunity for the Caribbean Tourism Industry to position itself as the GREENEST TOURIST DESTINATION IN THE WORLD. Implications of Climate Change to Tourism Business in the Caribbean 18