* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Institutional Arrangements for Adaptation Fund: World Bank
General circulation model wikipedia , lookup
Global warming wikipedia , lookup
Economics of climate change mitigation wikipedia , lookup
Climate engineering wikipedia , lookup
Citizens' Climate Lobby wikipedia , lookup
Climate resilience wikipedia , lookup
Attribution of recent climate change wikipedia , lookup
Climate governance wikipedia , lookup
Politics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Media coverage of global warming wikipedia , lookup
United Nations Climate Change conference wikipedia , lookup
Scientific opinion on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Climate change in Tuvalu wikipedia , lookup
Public opinion on global warming wikipedia , lookup
Economics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on humans wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and agriculture wikipedia , lookup
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on Australia wikipedia , lookup
Solar radiation management wikipedia , lookup
Surveys of scientists' views on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Years of Living Dangerously wikipedia , lookup
Climate change, industry and society wikipedia , lookup
Institutional Arrangements for Adaptation Fund: World Bank view Deserts Oceans Disasters Coastal Biotic resources Agriculture Steve Gorman Global Environment Operations World Bank Health Adaptation Agenda • Adaptation and Mitigation are strong complements • Climate change impacts on developing countries are expected to increase regardless of mitigation efforts • Demand for infrastructure and agricultural/water investments that further need to adapt to climate • Adaptation links global environment issues with local development paths • Development investment is at risk in the absence of consideration of climate variability and climate change issues • The Multilateral financial institutions can effectively link the lending and adaptation agenda to produce synergies • Expected growth of adaptation agenda within UNFCCC • Need to strengthen national and local institutions to promote adaptation • Need for long-term funding arrangements to support adaptation agenda Adaptation and Development as part of World Bank Poverty Agenda • According to OECD Study, 20% to 50% of ODA is subject to climate risk • Whatever the mitigation efforts, we are already committed to significant climate change • Current climate variability and climate change are significant threats to development Climate disasters are already a major burden for developing countries Number affected (Millions) 4,000 3,000 Dev'ed CIT 2,000 Dev'ing LDC 1,000 - 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s Climate Variability is Major Impediment to Development Ethiopia 25 20 15 10 5 0 % A water rich developing country, but with GDP tied to annual rainfall 0 variations. Therefore -20 adaptation and growth & -40 development are closely -60 linked -80 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 -5 -10 -15 rainfall variability -20 GDP growth -25 Ag GDP growth -30 year Preliminary results from : A Country Water Resources Assistance Strategy for Ethiopia World Bank and IADB Portfolio Study: vulnerability to climate change World Bank • Average no. of projects each year 440 • Average size of annual financing portfolio $ 20 B • • % of projects with moderately sensitive components 40% • % of projects with highly sensitive components • Estimated annual expenditure at risk • (Level 2 & 3 impacts) 25% IADB 91 $ 6.6 B 27% 11% $ 5.3 B $ 1.2 B (21 – 34 %) (8 – 33 %) World Bank’s Implementation of Adaptation Agenda • Mainstreaming adaptation initiatives in country assistance strategies • Financing and technical support to adaptation programs outlined in poverty reduction strategies • Adaptation is a major consideration in development policy lending and sector wide adjustment programs • Anticipatory adaptation is a major component of World Bank Hazard Management Program • Bank support to private sector development, microfinance, insurance, and small and medium enterprises to promote adaptation at local level • Engagement of line ministries at the policy level to promote adaptation agenda • Analytical activities supporting adaptation in Bank policy and lending programs World Bank Experience in Global Funds that Complement Adaptation Fund • More than 30 years experience in managing trust funds on global programs • Currently manages over 850 trust funds valued at over $9 billion yearly covering all major sectors with over 25 which Adaptation Fund overlaps Co-financing Complements Adaptation Fund As GEF Implementing Agency Support to GEF Secretariat Trustee GEF TF/ SCCF/LCDF Technical Support To GEF Investment Lending Development Policy Lending Adaptation Fund World Bank Lending/ Co-financing Emergency Lending for Hazards Global programs & Trust Funds Market MechanismsCarbon Finance/ Insurance Facility Proposal on Governance Structure for Adaptation Fund Trustee World Bank UNFCCC Share of Proceeds GEF Council GEF Secretariat Strategy/ Business Plan Agencies IAs / EAs Evaluation Office M&E Country Coordinating Mechanisms for Adaptation Projects and Programs (GEF Focal Points) National governments Private Sector Multilateral & Bilateral Development Organizations Civil Society NGOs, CBOs World B ank G roup – G EF Program: Mobilizing Public and Private Fu nds ($21.4 billion) 1993-2005 Other Other Co Co--financing financing $13.8 $13.8 billion billion IB IBRD/IDA RD/IDA $4.8 $4.8 billion billion G GEF EF $2.8 $2.8 billion billion Costs of Administering Stand Alone Adaptation Fund Year CERs 2% of Size of Fund Admin. Costs of (Million) CERs @ $ 15/ CER standalone AF @ 5% of Fund Current estimate from project pipeline for 2012 Low Expectation for 2012 340 6.8 $ 102 M $ 5.1 M 910 18.0 $270 M $ 13.5 M Medium Expectation for 2012 1500 30.0 $ 450 M $22.5 M High Expectation for 2012 2000 40.0 $ 600 M $30.0 M Source: UNFCCC and WB estimates Note: Administrative costs of a stand alone AF could be saved by managing AF as part of existing GEF trust fund portfolio World Bank Contribution to Adaptation Fund World Bank’s Multiple Roles under Adaptation Fund Trustee of Adaptation Fund & (GEF TF, LCDF, SCCF) As Implementing Agency Coordinating with other IAs & EAs on Adaptation Projects Technical Support to GEF Secretariat Co-financing to Adaptation Projects and NAPAs Mainstreaming Adaptation through PRSPs, CAS Policy & Market Mechanisms for Adaptation Investments Capacity & Knowledge mgt of Adaptation Programs Support to Private Sector on Adaptation Agenda World Bank’s Implementation of GEF Funded Adaptation Projects • • • • • Kiribati Adaptation Program (SPA funded) Columbia’s Caribbean Insular Human Health (SPA funded) Pilot Adaptation in Coastal areas of Dominica, St. Lucia (SPA funded) Sustainable land management in Zambezi valley (pipeline) (SPA funded) • Pilot Climate Change Adaptation Measures in Andean Region (SCCF funded) • Caribbean Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change (Stage II Adaptation funding) • Caribbean Planning for Adaptation to Global Climate Change (Stage II Adaptation funding) Multi-sector Approach - Kiribati Adaptation Project Agriculture • Crop improvement programs to promote improved adaptation of cassava, yam, taro, sugarcane • Support to agricultural and rural development programs • Improving climate forecasting mechanisms Fisheries Public Health • Improved sanitation • Management of solid and liquid waste • Vector control programs for dengue fever • Monitoring of areas prone to ciguatera outbreaks Coastal Assets • Hazard mapping done to avoid infrastructure in flood and landslide prone areas • Regional collaboration in tuna negotiations • Elevation of coastal infrastructure • El Nino/La Nina forecasting • Introduction of building codes • Licensing arrangements to decrease year-to-year fluctuations • Protection of coral reefs • Replanting of mangroves Conclusions • GEF management of AF with other Funds (GEF TF/SCCF/ LCDF) avoids additional costs and time associated with standalone administration of Adaptation Fund • Experience in managing GEF Trust Funds permits application of same standards/oversight to Adaptation Fund • Small and uncertain size of Adaptation Fund can be better managed as compliment to the portfolio of GEF Trust funds • Adaptation fund could benefit from the larger co-financing and global program resources • Use of existing trustee infrastructure to manage the Adaptation Fund can result in significant cost savings, which could be ploughed back into the fund to support more projects