Download Grade 11 University Biology – Unit 3 Evolution

Grade 11 University Biology – Unit 3 Evolution
Practice Test #2
1. What agent of evolutionary
change is represented by the
diagram opposite?
2. What agent of evolutionary
change is represented by the
diagram opposite?
3. Contrast the two agents of evolutionary change described in Question 1 and Question 2.
4. What is “gene flow?”
a. A severe reduction of a population that can lead to changes in the population
b. The movement of alleles between populations
c. The colonization of an area by a few individuals that can lead to new species
d. The selection of a preferred individual of a particular phenotype for mating
e. A measure of reproductive success
5. What is the term meaning “rapid evolution of many species from one ancestral species” (e.g.,
Darwin’s finches)?
a. Gene Flow
b. Genetic Drift
c. Mutation
d. Non-Radom Mating
e. Adaptive Radiation
f. Stabilizing Selection
g. Disruptive Selection
6. In a population of bats, the survival rate of very large- winged bats and very small-winged bats is
greater than the survival rate of bats with intermediate-sized wings. What type of selection is
described?
a. Stabilizing Selection
b. Destabilizing Selection
c. Directional Selection
d. Disruptive Selection
e. Non-intermediate Selection
7. A fossil contains approximately 1.5% C14. Recall: The half life of C14 is 5,370 years. What is the
approximate age of the fossil?
a. 1,146 years
b. 5,730 years
c. 28, 650 years
d. 34,020 years
e. There is not enough information to calculate the age.
8. Which of the following terms best defines “genetic drift?”
a. Any change in gene or allele frequencies in a population
b. Any random change in gene or allele frequencies in a small population
c. A rapid population decrease due to a sudden environmental change
d. The movement of alleles from one population to another
e. The establishment of a population in a new region
f. The movement of a population across a physical barrier
9. A group of individuals on the periphery of a population have a slightly different gene pool than the
parent population. If the individuals split off, there will be a change in the gene pool relative to the
parent population. What is this initially called?
a. Sympatric Speciation
b. Bottleneck Effect
c. Founder Effect
d. Gene Flow
e. Ecological Niche
10. Which of the following is NOT a requirement or mechanism of sympatric speciation?
a. Reproductive isolation
b. Prior hybridization
c. Errors in meiosis
d. Rapid rate of mutation
e. Geographical isolation
11. What does this graph most likely
illustrate?
a. Gametic isolating
mechanisms
b. Directional selection
c. Hybrid sterility
d. Non-random mating
e. Gene flow
12. What is gene flow?
a. Net movement of alleles from one population to another population due to migration
b. A barrier restricting mating between species
c. Migration of individuals to a new geographic area
d. Diversification of a common ancestral species into a variety of differently adapted species
e. The view that, before and after a divergence, evolutionary change is slow and steady
13. The fossil record shows that dinosaurs dominated the Earth for a long period of time. For nearly
five million years, these organisms showed little evolutionary change. At some point in Earth
history, the sea began to rise. It rose very quickly and covered much of the Judith River
formation for nearly 500,000 years. The dinosaurs were forced to live in a smaller area, and
being under pressure to adapt to the changing conditions, they evolved very quickly. What does
the rate of evolutionary change in the dinosaur population exemplify?
a. Theory of Gradualism
b. Cladistics, Phylogeny and Synapomorphy
c. Abiogensis
d. Convergent Evolution
e. Adaptive Radiation
f. Punctuated Equilibrium
14. Which of the following statements best represents the power of Artificial Selection?
a. Artificial selection reduces the number of harmful mutations that may occur
b. Individuals that are very different from the original species can be produced in a
controlled fashion
c. Breeders typically breed two or three individuals at the same time
d. All mutations created by artificial selection are beneficial
15. Why is a hybrid mule sterile?
a. The parent horse and donkey are anatomically incompatible so sperm and egg do not
properly fertilize
b. The parent horse, if female, comes into fertilization too soon for the male donkey to pass
all genetic material to the hybrid
c. The parent horse and donkey may have a different number of chromosomes. With no
chromosomal match, the hybrid is sterile
d. The mule is a divergence from the horse and the donkey
e. The mule would be a second generation offspring (i.e., first generation was fertile but
subsequent generations are sterile)
16. A population of deer reside in a forest. Human activity during dam construction creates a channel
of water that effectively isolates some deer from the other deer. This splits the population. Over
many generations, the gene pool of the two deer populations becomes so different that the two
populations are distinct and cannot interbreed. What does this description examplify?
a. Human speciation
b. Gradualism
c. Allopatric speciation
d. Habitat isolating mechanism
e. Convergent evolution
f. Sympatric speciation
17. What is required to produce a tetraploid?
a. The mutation of a haploid gamete (n) so it duplicates a tetra-allele
b. The fusion of a sperm cell with an egg cell
c. Self fertilization by a tetraploid parent
d. The fusion of a diploid gamete (2n) with another diploid gamete (2n)
e. Geographic isolation
f. Both c and d
18. In the table, which of the organisms is most closely related to Organism #6?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
f. All of the above
Presence or
Absence
Organism
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
1
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
-
+
2
-
-
-
+
+
-
-
-
+
3
-
+
+
-
-
-
+
+
+
4
+
+
-
-
-
-
+
-
+
5
-
+
+
-
-
+
+
+
+
6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19. Birds, turtles and snakes lay eggs. What term describes this shared characteristic?
a. Parallel adaptation
b. Convergent evolution
c. Vestigial structures
d. Homologous structures
e. Speciation
20. The evolution of humans is a linear
pattern. Although there are gaps in the
fossil record, the changes are steady and
ongoing. What term best describes
human evolutionary change?
a. Gradualism
b. Founder Effect
c. Gene Flow
d. Punctuated Equilibrium
e. Bottleneck Effect
f. Divergent Evolution
21. The relatively rapid evolution of a single
species into a number of distinct but closely related species filling a variety of previously empty
ecological niches.
a. Coevolution
b. Convergent Evolution
c. Divergent Evolution
d. Adaptive Radiation
e. Use and Disuse
f. Sympatric Speciation
22. Increased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood of native Tibetans (a mountain dwelling
population of humans) is an example of…
a. Disruptive Selection
b. Stabilizing Selection
c. Directional Selection
d. Convergent Evolution
e. Habitat Isolating Mechanisms
23. What is the driving force of evolution?
a. Action of natural selection upon beneficial mutations
b. Climate Change
c. Consequences of human influence
d. Genetic drift
24. The diagram shows the forelimb of a human,
dog, bird and whale. What does this
diagram illustrate?
a. Analogous Structures
b. Homologous Structures
c. Vestigial Structures
d. Divergent Evolution
e. Speciation
ANSWERS
Question
Answer
Question
Answer
1
Mutation
13
F
2
Genetic Drift
Founder Effect
14
B
15
C
3
4
B
16
C
5
E
17
F
6
D
18
F
7
D
19
D
8
B
20
A
9
C
21
D
10
E
22
C
11
B
23
A
12
A
24
B