Download Climate Change in Pennsylvania

Climate Change - State and Federal
Activities
Krish Ramamurthy
Chief, Division of
Permits
Bureau of Air Quality
PA. DEP
Topics
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Greenhouse Gas Emission Profile in
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Actions
Pending PA Legislation
Multi State Efforts
Federal Activities
Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
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Carbon Dioxide - CO2
Methane - CH4
Nitrous Oxide - N20
Sulfur Hexaflouride - SF6
Hydrofluorocarbons - HFCs
Perfluorocarbons - PFCs
Global Warming Potential &
Atmospheric Lifetime
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
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–
–
–
–
–
Carbon Dioxide – 1
Methane – 21
Nitrous Oxide – 310
(PFC-116) – 9,200
Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC-23) – 11,700
Sulfur Hexaflouride – 23,900
Atmospheric Lifetime (Years)
Carbon Dioxide – 50-200
– Methane – 12
– Nitrous Oxide – 114
– Sulfur Hexaflouride - 3,200
- Fluorocarbon – >50,000
–
State
U.S. State Emissions (MMTCO2)
TX
CA
PA
OH
FL
IN
IL
NY
MI
LA
GA
NC
KY
MO
AL
NJ
VA
TN
WV
WI
OK
MN
CO
AZ
MA
KS
SC
IA
MD
WA
WY
UT
AR
MS
NM
ND
AK
NV
NE
CT
OR
MT
ME
HI
NH
DE
ID
SD
RI
VT
DC
0.0
PA is the 3rd largest emitter of CO2
in the United States.
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
Million Metric Tons of CO2 (2003 EIA Data)
500.0
600.0
700.0
International Per Capita Emissions (Selected Countries)
25
MTCO2 per person
20
15
Series1
10
5
0
United
States
Singapore Germany
Japan
United
Kingdom
Iceland
South
Africa
Italy
France
Data Source: World Resources Institute - Earthtrends (2002)
Argentina
China
Brazil
Cambodia
Per Capita Emissions (2003)
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Average U.S. Per Capita CO2 Emissions
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20 MTCO2e
PA Per Capita CO2 Emissions
–
22 MTCO2e
States
State Per Capita CO2 Emissions
Wyoming
North Dakota
Alaska
West Virginia
Louisiana
Indiana
Montana
Kentucky
New Mexico
Alabama
Texas
Kansas
Oklahoma
Iowa
Utah
Nebraska
Missouri
Arkansas
Ohio
Mississippi
Pennsylvania
Tennessee
Delaware
Colorado
Minnesota
South Carolina
Wisconsin
Georgia
Nevada
Maine
South Dakota
Illinois
Michigan
Virginia
Hawaii
North Carolina
Arizona
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Maryland
New Jersey
Florida
Washington
Connecticut
Vermont
Rhoda Island
California
New York
Oregon
Idaho
PA ranks 21st in per capita CO2
emissions in the United States.
0
20
40
60
80
Metric Tons CO2 (EIA 2003 Data)
100
120
140
Pennsylvania emits approximately 1%
of the world’s Greenhouse Gases.
Pennsylvania GHG Emissions (2000)
Waste Management (1.8%)
Agriculture (2.2%)
Transportation
Electricity Production
(38.4%)
Fossil Fuel
Industry (3.3%)
RCI (31.3%)
<Residential/Commercial/Industrial
Largest Source of PA Emissions
1.
2.
3.
Electricity Production
Residential/Commercial/Industrial
Transportation
What has PA done to address Climate
Change?
Under Governor Rendell:
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8/13/04 – The Commonwealth issues a contract for 10% of its
electricity (10,000 MWH) to be supplied by renewable
electricity.
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11/30/2004 – Governor Edward G. Rendell signed into law the
Alternative Energy Portfolio Standard, a two-tiered portfolio
standard that ensures that in 15 years, 18 percent of all of the
energy generated in Pennsylvania comes from clean, efficient
sources.
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12/15/2004 - Governor Rendell signed an executive order,
“Energy Management and Conservation in the
Commonwealth,” (Number 2004-12) that ensures maximum
efficiency in energy management and conservation in state
facilities through the implementation of a centralized energy
strategy.
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9/29/2005 - Governor Rendell announced a plan to replace 25
percent of the state’s vehicle fleet with hybrids by 2011.
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8/29/2006 - Governor Rendell redoubled
Pennsylvania’s green electricity purchase
to 20 percent from 10 percent (presently at
28 percent).
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10/27/06 – The Commonwealth issues its
first statewide contract for heating and
transportation biodiesel.
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10/24/2007 – The Commonwealth issued its second
statewide contract for heating and transportation
biodiesel.
Summer 2008 – DEP will be publishing a
solicitation for a grant pilot program.
– Greenhouse Gas Inventories and Climate
Change Action Plans for PA municipalities
Pending PA Legislation
House Bill 110 (Pennsylvania Greenhouse Gas Reduction Act)
& Senate Bill 266 (Pennsylvania Climate Change Act)
 Both bills are pending in the General Assembly's 2007-2008
regular session
If passed, these bills would require PA to:
 Perform a GHG inventory
 Create a voluntary GHG registry
 Establish a stakeholder group or advisory committee
 Create a climate change action plan to reduce GHGs
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Energy Independence Strategy – a plan that will push
Pennsylvania into the top tier of states taking steps to cut
consumer energy costs, and significantly expand the
alternative fuel, clean energy and conservation sectors.
1.
Save consumers $10 billion in energy costs over the next
ten years
2.
Grow Pennsylvania’s energy economy
3.
Reduce Pennsylvania’s reliance on foreign fuels
Multi-State Efforts
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5/3/2007 - Pennsylvania joined with 30 states to
create The Climate Registry (TCR).
12/5/2007 – PA DEP files a petition with the EPA
requesting the regulation of greenhouse gas
emissions from aircraft.
1/3/2008 - PA and 13 other states have joined
California in a lawsuit against the EPA.
Is CO2 a Regulated Air pollutant?
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On April, 2007, Supreme Court declared that CO2
is an “air pollutant” under the Clean Air Act
(Massachusetts v. EPA).
Enviros maintain that CO2 is already “regulated air
pollutant” under Clean Air Act since Electric
Generating Units are required to report CO2
emissions under Acid Rain provisions.
EPA’s position is currently CO2 is not a “regulated
air pollutant” under CAA.
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Needs “endangerment finding” and issue regulations
under CAA
Pending Federal Actions
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EPA intends to make a formal finding of endangerment from
GHG emissions from Vehicles.
Several NSPS regulations are under review where GHG
emissions will be addressed.
EPA’s proposed revised NSPS in May 2007 for Petroleum
Refineries. EPA received several comments that EPA is
required to address CO2 and Methane emissions from
refineries. EPA is required by court order to issue a final
rulemaking by April 30.
EPA is scheduled to propose NSPS revisions for Portland
Cement Kilns by May 31. EPA is grappling with whether to
include GHG in that rulemaking
Pending Federal Actions
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EPA is also under a court remand to decide
whether to require GHG limits for Electric
Generating Units and Industrial boilers.
There is no deadline to make this decision.
EPA earlier announced their intent to
establish an emission threshold for GHG
emissions triggering New Source Review
Pending Federal Action
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EPA intends to develop regulations under Safe
Drinking Water Act to ensure that injection of CO2
does not contaminate underground source of
drinking water.
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EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule Development
– Proposed rule by September 2008, final rule by
June 2009
Pending Congressional Climate
Change Bills
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Several Climate Change Bills Introduced in
the 110th Congress.
12/6/07- The Senate Environment and
Publics Work committee passed the
Lieberman-Warner climate bill (S. 2191)
It would create a cap-and-trade system for
carbon emissions and mandate a 70 percent
cut in greenhouse gas pollution by 2050.
“Lieberman-Warner Climate Security Act of
2008”
(S. 2191) Bill Summary
 Economy-wide coverage:
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Upstream on petroleum, natural gas, as well as
manufacturers of F-gases and N2O
Downstream on coal facilities (that use over 5,000 tons of
coal per year)
GHG emission targets for covered sectors (targets decline in
each calendar year):
2012: 5,775 MtCO2e; 2020: 4,924 MtCO2e
2030: 3,860 MtCO2e;2050: 1,732 MtCO2e (70% below 2005
emissions levels from covered facilities)
Establishes a market-driven system of tradable emission
allowances
What’s in Store for the Future
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Higher emphasis on Conservation of Energy
and maximizing energy efficiency.
GHG Emission reporting for Stationary Sources.
Federal Cap & Trade program?
– Economy wide or Select Sectors?
NSPS for GHG emissions for several Source
Categories?
BACT limits for GHG emissions for new
sources?