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Climate-Smart Agriculture in LIBERIA: Current Status and Support Needs to better integrate CSA into the LASIP PRESENTED AT STAKEHOLDERS’ VALIDATION WORKSHOP MAIN CONFERENCE ROOM MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE June 2014 1 1. THE TERRITORIES OF AGRICULTURAL CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN LIBERIA 2 AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES Coastal Plains Upper Highland Tropical Forest (agriculture belt) Lower Tropical Forest Northern Savannah Climate=high levels of rainfall (4,450- 4,550mm), high humidity (85-95%), longer sunshine hours, high and wider temperature ranges Vegetation=mangroves, scattered patches of low and high bushes and savannah woodland Climate=hot and humid Temperature range from 18.3ᵒC to 29.4ᵒC Annual rainfall around 1778 to 2032 mm Vegetation=closed semi-deciduous forest and transition zone or secondary forest Climate=warm temperature and extremely high humidity Annual rainfall=1930.4 mm Vegetation=evergreen rainforest 53% of pop. Food insecured Climate=high elevation with warm temperature and high humidity Annual rainfall=between 700 mm -1,750 mm Vegetation=dense elephant grass, scattered trees and 3patches of forests Analysis of the vulnerability of the territories to climate change Territories Degree of exposure to CC HIGH: Coastal Heavy rainfall, Plains Sea erosion & flooding Degree of Adaptive capacity sensitivity to CC HIGH: LOW: Transportation lack of difficulties and information and hike in food poor prices infrastructure Resulting vulnerability HIGH: Poverty, diseases and loss of assets, with women and children affected mostly Upper Highland tropical Forest HIGH: Rainfall and temperature variation HIGH: MEDIUM: Transportation Low: limited difficulties and infrastructure hike in food High: Diverse prices options MEDIUM Deforestation, decline in food and cash crop production, Postharvest losses, Lower Tropical Forest HIGH: Rainfall and temperature variation HIGH: LOW: Transportation limited difficulties and infrastructure hike in food prices HIGH: limited alternatives for income & livelihoods, deforestation, low crop production Northern HIGH: Savannah temperature variation HIGH: LOW: Erratic rainfall Lack capacity to respond to risks and flooding HIGH Increase vulnerability 4 to hunger and diseases Current status / diagnosis of climate change adaptation in these territories Progress observed Projects and program Territories Coastal Plains • • • Upper Highland tropical Forest • • • Lower Tropical Forest • Northern Savannah • Difficulties encountered Awareness • Support for cassava • and fishing projects Coastal defense • project in Buchanan Climate change • agriculture adaptation project in Bong county lowland farming Rehabilitation of farm to market roads Climate change • adaptation pilot project in one district • of Grand Gedeh County No program • Limited funding Low agriculture output loss of crops and assets during flooding Lack of climate forecast data and early warning system Needs for support at the local level • • • • • • Poor infrastructure Limited extension servces • • • Inadequacy • policy, training • and Increased support for extension services including fishing projects for vulnerable communities and women Funding for coastal defence projects in vulnerable areas climate tolerant and resistant rice and cassava varieties Micro-finance credit opportunities for local farmers including vulnerable women development of irrigation systems Support for women in tree crop production Support for agriculture extension services farm to market roads Micro-finance credit opportunities Livestock production Integrating livestock 5 plantations into tree Current status / diagnosis of the adaptation component of national sectorial programmes NAPA was completed in 2008 with 3 priority projects identified, which are currently being implemented as follows: 1 Project Objective Adaptation Challenges Agriculture adaptation Enhancing resilience to increasing rainfall variability through the diversification of crop cultivation and small ruminants rearing - Use of climate resilient crops - Better understanding of climate change by farmers Capacity building for staff of MOA and other partners - Climate change adaptation courses integrated into curriculum of 2 universities Lack of climate forecast data Limited resource persons and logistical support 2 National Meteorologi cal Monitoring System Enhance adaptive capacity: The rebuilding of the national hydro-meteorological monitoring system and improved networking for the measurement of climate parameters - Project will provide farmers and extension officers with climate information when completed Prospect of information disseminating in rural and remote areas where information is most needed 3 Coastal Defense Reducing the vulnerability of coastal urban areas - Coastal land reclaimed in Buchanan 6 Limited funding LASIP In keeping with its commitment to the Comprehensive African Agriculture Programme (CAADP) of NEPAD, GOL developed the LASIP which expresses Liberia’s strategic choices for the growth and development of agricultural in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner over a period of 10 years LASIP has 5 priority programs: 1. Food and Nutrition Security 2. Competitive Value Chains and Market Linkages 3. Institutional Development 4. Land and Water Development 5. Cross-Cutting Issues (Gender & Environment) LASIP gears toward food security, public and private sector investment for the agriculture sector, promoting the use of technology and innovation by local farmers 7 CHALLENGE: Low private sector investment Integrated Water Resource Management Policy Policy developed in 2007: to ensure the supply of adequate quantity and quality of water for domestic water use, food production and other uses Mandates scattered amongst various agencies Inadequate leadership, governance and coordination low funding Governance, Advocacy & Leadership in Water, Sanitation and Leadership (GoAL WaSH) currently being implemented to establish a mechanism for leadership and coordination in the sector IWRM Action plan developed in 2014, pending validation review and harmonize existing legislations and institutions, water management strategies and address the impacts of land use and climate change on water management important for the development of irrigation and agriculture water management systems that are necessary for CSA 8 Inter-institutional dialogue and inter-sectorial coherence for CSA Issues: National Instruments: NAPA, LASIP and IWRMP benefitted from broad-based stakeholders input during formulation but interagency coordination and coherence in implementation has been fragile Government agency mandated with coordinating activities between the programs has not been successful in ensuring effective coordination and coherence Needs sharing of resources and personnel to facilitate strategic joint planning and action development of strategic capacity at the national and provincial levels of the various sectors agencies 9 Related existing mechanisms for CSA: description, progress and bottlenecks The National Climate Change Steering Committee and the Ministry of Planning & Economic Affairs mandates provides a platform for intersectoral coordination for CSA programs. Inter-sectorial coherence and coordination between the NAPA, IWRMP and LASIP is weak Bottlenecks Lack of climate change policy Inadequate nationally driven climate-smart strategies that rallies broad stakeholders support Stakeholder dialogue with civil society and within government has been minimal Limited budget for intersectorial coordination 10 No direct budgetary support for CSA Support needs and requests to mainstream CSA in the NAIP Investment for research & development Capacity Development Reestablishing the Agricultural Cooperative Development Bank of Liberia to provide loans and long-term credit for investment in farms, Support for irrigation development & Hydrology Sector Revitalization of CARI’s infrastructure including laboratory facilities and equipment Training of graduate level scientist in fields that support CSA Training for MOA extension officers Access to Credit for local farmers Climate resilient varieties of different crops barriers and benefits of CSA impacts of climate change on farming support for irrigation development/ agricultural water management support the Liberian Hydrological Services in the areas of training, planning, and water resources assessment, equipment and instrument, monitoring and water utilization for the various sectors like agriculture, energy, industries, tourism and recreation Support for women and youth access to cash crops 11 support fund that enables women and youth to get involved in cash crop production Support needs and requests to strengthen inter-institutional dialogue and inter-sectorial coherence on CSA Development of CSA policy Strengthening the technical capacities within the relevant government agencies Strengthen coordinated intersectoral mechanisms at the Ministry of Agriculture Fund CSA coordination activities and programs 12