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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION vs. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION: Sharing of Good Practice Options Satendra Executive Director NIDM Increased Hydro-meteorological Disasters (Drought, Flood, Cyclone, Typhoons, Salinity, Erosion, etc) NATURAL DISASTERS (World wide) 1980- 2011 (number & trend) Climate Change and Rural livelihood : (close association with climate) • Agriculture•Increase or decrease in rainfall amount & by shifts in the timing of the rainfall. •Higher temperatures- reduce the total duration of a crop cycle, leading to a lower yield (wheat and paddy crops). • Soil erosion & moisture decrease • Soil quality degradation and increase in salinity. • Increased numbers of pests and weeds. •Other rural livelihood sectors affected- fishery, livestock and forestry Resulting into--- Change in RAINFALL •Frequent & Severe Flood, •Higher river erosion •Increased sedimentation Impact on Rural Livelihood •Agr; land inundation & erosion •Damage to crop, fishery. livestock •Agr. Input loss ( fert, seeds etc.) •Increased River flow ( warm season) •Lower flow (once glacier melted) •Increased saline intrusion •Agr. Land inundation •Scarcity of water for irrigation •Soil degradation ( more salinity) •More storm surge •Higher wind speed •Saline water intrusion •Direct loss to crop, fishery, & livestock •Soil becomes infertile •Scarcity of fresh water (irrigation) •Rise in Temperature. •More wet climate •Rise in insect infestation •Crop and cattle disease •Less evapo-transpiration SEA LEVEL RISE •Land inundation •Salt water intrusion •Increased soil salinity •Agriculture land loss •Scarcity of irrigation water •Soil degradation (moresalinity) LOWER RAINFALL •Droughts condition •Soil degradation •Fall in water table GLACIAR MELTING MORE CYCLONE HUMID / WARM CLIMATE •Irrigation water scarcity •Soil nutrient deficiency •More Disease (cattle/crop) CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON RURAL LIVELIHOOD AND FOOD SECURITY •Food insecurity •Nutrition deficiency •Increased poverty •Poor health •Scarce Livelihood •Migration POOR NATIONAL DEVELOPM-ENT MAJOR THREAT: FOOD INSECURITY Climate change adaptation & its characteristics: Climate change Adaptation : adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects. Characteristics: Adaptation to climate change is a natural process- community adapt and develop survival kits itself. Adaptation to climate change is a social learning process - learning how to adapt (better) takes time. Adaptation to climate change is very location specific – not all fit to everywhere Saline water intrusion in agriculture fields Saline soil ADATING TO CLIMATE CHANGE : EXAMPLES Hanging homestead garden SARJAN FLOATING GARDEN DRIP IRRIGATION RICE FISH CULTURE SALT RESISTANT RICE VARIETY in saline coastal area HOUSE: protection from high tide water ELEVATED Banana stem as boat Project Strategy: Bridge the gap between global climate information and local adaptation needs of rural population. Develop mechanisms to address climate change adaptation at the local level by using different prediction models and climate scenarios data, translating them into local impact outlooks and finally into location specific livelihood adaptation practices. Fit the location specific agro-ecological setting. Increase climate resilience and reduce the risk of hazard impacts to the production system. Maintain (or increase) the income level of rural population and Do not increase green house gas emissions DECREASE RISKS (Present & Future) The Approach: ADAPTATION OPTIONS’ PRIORITIZATION MECHANISM: (Sample provided) FEASIBILITY EVALUATION (of adaptation options) 1. Agro- ecological suitability 2. Economic & social feasibility 3. Increase resilience against impact of climate hazard exposure 4. Does not make contribution to GH Gases Mit Highly recommended Recommended Acceptable Not 1 &2 1&2 1,2 &3 1,2, 3 &4 1,2,3, 4 + IDEAL Not recommended Agroecological suitability •Farmers’ perception •Experts’ perception •Climatic, edaphic and topographic conditions and agro-ecological zones Economic & social feasibility Increase resilience against impact of climate hazard exposure Does not make contribution to GH G •Cost of input •Net benefits •Quantity of yield •Capacity building requirements •+/-employment opportunities for the landless •Hazard resilience of innovation •+/- water use •Cost for irrigation •Reduced risk by changed farming schedule or varieties •=/- chemical fertilizer use •+ /- use of organic manure