Download Climate Change and Food Security

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
vs.
CLIMATE CHANGE
ADAPTATION:
Sharing of Good Practice Options
Satendra
Executive Director NIDM
Increased Hydro-meteorological Disasters
(Drought, Flood, Cyclone, Typhoons, Salinity, Erosion, etc)
NATURAL DISASTERS (World wide) 1980- 2011 (number & trend)
Climate Change and Rural livelihood :
(close association with climate)
• Agriculture•Increase or decrease in rainfall amount & by shifts in
the timing of the rainfall.
•Higher temperatures- reduce the total duration of a
crop cycle, leading to a lower yield (wheat and paddy
crops).
• Soil erosion & moisture decrease
• Soil quality degradation and increase in salinity.
• Increased numbers of pests and weeds.
•Other rural livelihood sectors affected- fishery, livestock
and forestry
Resulting into---
Change in RAINFALL
•Frequent & Severe Flood,
•Higher river erosion
•Increased sedimentation
Impact on Rural Livelihood
•Agr; land inundation & erosion
•Damage to crop, fishery.
livestock
•Agr. Input loss ( fert, seeds
etc.)
•Increased River flow ( warm
season)
•Lower flow (once glacier
melted)
•Increased saline intrusion
•Agr. Land inundation
•Scarcity of water for irrigation
•Soil degradation ( more salinity)
•More storm surge
•Higher wind speed
•Saline water intrusion
•Direct loss to crop, fishery, &
livestock
•Soil becomes infertile
•Scarcity of fresh water
(irrigation)
•Rise in Temperature.
•More wet climate
•Rise in insect infestation
•Crop and cattle disease
•Less evapo-transpiration
SEA LEVEL RISE
•Land inundation
•Salt water intrusion
•Increased soil salinity
•Agriculture land loss
•Scarcity of irrigation water
•Soil degradation
(moresalinity)
LOWER RAINFALL
•Droughts condition
•Soil degradation
•Fall in water table
GLACIAR MELTING
MORE CYCLONE
HUMID / WARM CLIMATE
•Irrigation water scarcity
•Soil nutrient deficiency
•More Disease (cattle/crop)
CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON RURAL LIVELIHOOD AND FOOD SECURITY
•Food insecurity
•Nutrition
deficiency
•Increased
poverty
•Poor health
•Scarce
Livelihood
•Migration
POOR
NATIONAL
DEVELOPM-ENT
MAJOR THREAT:
FOOD
INSECURITY
Climate change adaptation & its characteristics:
Climate change Adaptation : adjustment in natural or human systems
in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects.
Characteristics:
 Adaptation to climate change is a natural process- community adapt
and develop survival kits itself.
 Adaptation to climate change is a social learning process - learning
how to adapt (better) takes time.
 Adaptation to climate change is very location specific – not all fit to
everywhere
Saline water intrusion in agriculture fields
Saline soil
ADATING TO CLIMATE CHANGE :
EXAMPLES
Hanging homestead garden
SARJAN
FLOATING GARDEN
DRIP IRRIGATION
RICE FISH CULTURE
SALT RESISTANT RICE VARIETY in saline coastal area
HOUSE: protection
from high tide water
ELEVATED
Banana stem as boat
Project Strategy:
 Bridge the gap between global climate information and local
adaptation needs of rural population.
 Develop mechanisms to address climate change adaptation at the local
level by using different prediction models and climate scenarios data,
translating them into local impact outlooks and finally into location
specific livelihood adaptation practices.
 Fit the location specific agro-ecological setting.
 Increase climate resilience and reduce the risk of hazard impacts to the
production system.
 Maintain (or increase) the income level of rural population and
 Do not increase green house gas emissions
DECREASE RISKS (Present & Future)
The Approach:
ADAPTATION OPTIONS’ PRIORITIZATION MECHANISM:
(Sample provided)
FEASIBILITY EVALUATION (of adaptation options)
1. Agro- ecological suitability
2. Economic & social feasibility
3. Increase resilience against impact of climate hazard
exposure
4. Does not make contribution to GH Gases
Mit
Highly
recommended
Recommended
Acceptable
Not 1 &2
1&2
1,2 &3
1,2, 3 &4
1,2,3, 4 +
IDEAL
Not recommended
Agroecological
suitability
•Farmers’
perception
•Experts’
perception
•Climatic,
edaphic and
topographic
conditions and
agro-ecological
zones
Economic & social
feasibility
Increase resilience
against impact of
climate hazard
exposure
Does not make
contribution to GH G
•Cost of input
•Net benefits
•Quantity of
yield
•Capacity
building
requirements
•+/-employment
opportunities for
the landless
•Hazard
resilience of
innovation
•+/- water use
•Cost for
irrigation
•Reduced risk by
changed farming
schedule or
varieties
•=/- chemical
fertilizer use
•+ /- use of
organic manure