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ايمني شناس ي Immunology: The Immune System in Health & Disease دوره كارشناس ي علوم آزمايشگاهي منابع Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health & Disease Sixth Edition Charles A. Janeway, Paul Travers, Mark Walport, Mark Shlomchik Immunlogy Sixth Edition Kuby, Kindt, Goldsby, Osborn Figure 1-1 Edward Jenner 1796 diccovered that Cowpox or vaccinia induced protection against human smallpox ايمونولوژي Immunology Importance of Immunology اهميت ايميونولوژي What is Immunity? ايمني چيست؟ Components of Immune System اجزاء سيستم ايمني Function of Immune System عملكرد سيستم ايمني اهميت ايميونولوژي Importance of Immunology Host Defence The body is under constant : Host Defence attack by pathigenic microorganisms in the environment. Obviously protecting the host from infection is the main job for the immune system Pathogen : an infectious agent that causes disease Infection or disease occurs when a microorganism (pathogen) manages to overcome host defenses to make a local site of infection and multiplication. Pathogen: There are four broad categories of disease- causing microorganisms or pathogens; Viruses, Bacteria, Pathogenic Fungi, other complex eukaryotic organisms termed Parasites ايمني چيست؟ What is Immunity? Immunity (derived from immunitas: Latin for exemption from prosecution) Immunity means protection from disease and especially infectious disease. Resistance to particular pathogens or to their toxins or metabolic by-products Then, antigens elicit immune responses اساس كارسيستم ايمني Base of Immune System Function Based on the ability to distinguish “self” from “nonself” antigens If not, immune responses are elicited to their own tissues as they are foreign agents. Most individuals do not suffer from autoimmune disease because they have developed tolerance towards their own (self) tissues. The immune response can cause the autoimmune diseases common to man such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis اجزاء سيستم ايمني Components of Immune System بافتها و اعضاء سيستم لنفاوي Lymphoid Organs سلولهاي لنفاوي Lymphoid Cells بافتها و اعضاء سيستم لنفاوي Lymphoid Organs 1 Primary (Central) Lymphoid Organs (Lymphocytes are generated) Bone Marrow Thymus بافتها و اعضاء سيستم لنفاوي Lymphoid Organs 2 Secondary (Peripheral) Lymphoid Organs Lymphocytes are maintained, Adaptive Immune Responses are initiated Lymphatic Vessels & Capillaries Lymph nodes Spleen Lymphoid tissues associated with mucosa Gut associated Tonsils, .1 Peyers Patches .2 Appendix .3 Lymphoid Follicles (Bronchial-Associated Lymphoid .4 Tissue (BALT), Mucosal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (MALT) Primary (Central) Lymphoid Organs مغز استخوان Bone Marrow درسنين پايين درهمه استخوانها درسنين باال دراستخوانهاي درازازبين مي رود محل بلوغ لنفوسيتهاي Bاست تيموس Thymus در سنين پايين فعال است و در سن باال تحليل مي رود محل بلوغ لنفوسيتهاي Tاست Thymus • small in an adult • site of T lymphocyte production • secretes thymosins 16-14 Figure 1-7