Download Virus and Bacteria

Bacteria on Syringe
Think Back
• List the factors of all living things:
• Hint: (rhymes with FROMER)
_____________________________________________
-Any __________________
LIVING THING
or ___________________
PARTICLE
that can cause an __________________________.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
INFECTIOUS AGENT
-Also known as _________________________.
____________________
An infectious particle made only
STRAND OF DNA or
of a ________________
RNA
________
surrounded by a
________________
PROTEIN COAT and
can only reproduce inside
another living cell. Always
cause infection on its host cell.
Virus video
____________________
ONE-CELLED PROKARYOTIC
_________________
microorganisms that reproduce by
fission and can cause infection.
VIRION: Genetic material
surrounded by the capsid.
1. PROTEIN COAT,
(CAPSID)
2. CHROMOSOME-LIKE
PART
Size of virus
VACCINES
Use to help prevent organisms from becoming infected
by a viruse
* Injects dead virus into body
* Exposes immune system to virus
so it has the ability to recognize
the virus and destroy it if it enters
the body
•Substances made from
DEAD
OR WEAKENED PATHOGENS
__________________________.
DISEASE
•Introduce a ___________
into
BLOODSTREAM
the ________________.
B-CELLS
•Stimulate ___________
into
action, Which create
ANTIBODIES
________________
and a
MEMORY
______________
record of the
pathogen.
IMMUNITY
•Give organisms ____________
to future infections of same
PATHOGEN
________________.
Bioterror
2
1
3
6
4
5
ANIMATION
LYTIC INFECTION
LYSOGENIC INFECTION
REGARDLESS OF HOW A VIRUS INFECTS,
LYTIC INFECTION IT IS ALWAYS INFECTIOUS
LYSOGENIC INFECTION
List five traits of viruses:
1. ____________________________
___________
_________
2. ____________________________
3. ____________________________
___________
4. ____________________________
5. ____________________________
___________
Indicate if the statements below are
TRUE or FALSE. If they are FALSE, make them
TRUE by rewriting factual statements.
FALSE
1. ____________________Viruses
cause disease only in humans
FALSE
2. ____________________
Each kind of virus infects many hosts.
3. ____________________
The rabies virus will infect only the digestive system
FALSE
of mammals
4. ____________________
Cold sores are caused by a virus that remains active.
FALSE
FALSE
5. ____________________
Viruses are always larger than cells they infect.
FALSE
6. ____________________
Viruses reproduce outside of living cells.
7. ____________________
Viruses do not change the hereditary material in the
FALSE
host cell.
COMMON COLD
1. THE
_________________________:
a. __________
known ‘cold’ viruses’
200
MUTATE as the move from one host to the next
b. _____________
How flu invades body
INFLUENZA
2. _________________________:
EPIDEMICS
a. Spreads quickly and causes ___________________
- ____________________
RAPID OUTBREAK of an infection that
affects many people
Flu of
1918
b. _____________
of US population is infected with flu
20%
each year
c. Has a high _________________
MUTATION
rate of surface
MAKING A NEED FOR NEW!
proteins on capsids-________________________________
VACCINES
EVERY YEAR!
__________________________________
d. __________
Only 3 influenza subtypes infect ______________
HUMANS
HORSES, PIGS, WHALES, SEALS
e. Other subtypes might infect _____________________________
Bacteria video
PROKARYOTES
•They are one of two __________________
(Having
NO Nucleus)
____________________________
SINGLE-CELLED
•They are _____________________.
MATERIAL
•They contain GENETIC
__________________
MICROSCOPIC (300 could be in a line on the tip of
• ____________________:
your pencil, but they’re still larger than viruses)
EVERYWHERE
•Found _____________________:
(live in water, air, soil, food)
SHAPE
•Classified by ______________
SINGLE CELLS
•Can be found as _______________,
_____________, or
PAIRS
COLONIES
_______________
_______________
FISSION
•Reproduce by _________________.
HELPFUL or HARMFUL
•Can be _______________________
Bacteria Invading Cell
COCCI = ROUND
____________________
BACILLI = ROD
____________________
SPIRILLA = SPIRAL
____________________
Parasites
1. ______________________:
Feed off of a living host
Decomposers
2. Saprophytes/
______________________:
Use dead materials for
food
Streptococcus
Pseudomonas
Producers
3. ______________________:
Contain chlorophyll and
make their own food
Cay
If conditions were harsh, how would a bacterial cell survive?
IT WOULD NEED PROTECTION AGAINST ELEMENTS
_________________________________________________________
DNA
What would you say is the most important part of the cell? ___________
Chromosome Material
Flagellum
Cytoplasm
cytoplasm
•No
nucleus
(only one m
chromosom
•Cell Wall
•Cell Memb
•Some have
•Cytoplasm
Endospore
Cell
Membrane
Cell Wall
Capsule
Capsule
•Some
have
A SPECIALIZED CELL WITH A THICK
1. ENDOSPORE: _______________________________________
PROTECTIVE WALL FORMED WHEN CONDITIONS
____________________________________________________
ARE UNFAVORABLE FOR A BACTERIA CELL
___________________________________________________.
chromosome
a. Bacterium copies its _________________________
wall
b. Produces a _____________
around the copy
STRUCTURE THAT SURROUNDS CELL TO
2. CAPSULE: ADAPTIVE
__________________________________________
PROTECT CELL AND ALLOW FOR IT TO ADHERE TO HOST
____________________________________________________
Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria
CAPSULE
___________
FLAGELLA
__________
Surrounds the entire cell and keeps it from drying out:
Whip-like structure:
Thick-walled structure that forms inside the cell enclosing DNA material:
Allows material to pass in and out of bacteria cell:
ENDOSPORE
___________
CELL
MEMBRANE
___________
CAPSULE
___________
Forms when living conditions are not ideal for bacteria to live:ENDOSPORE
__________
Gives the cell a basic shape:
__________
CELL
WALL
CHROMOSOME
Contains the traits of the bacteria cell:
__________
FLAGELLA
Helps bacteria cell to move:
__________
Helps the bacteria cell to ‘stick’ to food and other surfaces:
1. ______________________first destroying bacteria by raising
CANNING
temperatures, and then storing them in airtight containers.
2. _____________________-process
of heating milk to kill harmful
PASTEURIZTION
bacteria.
3. _____________________-slows
the growth of food by lowering
COOLING/FREEZING
their temperature.
4. _____________________-removing
the water from foods so
DEHYDRATION
that bacteria can’t live there.
1. Key parts of animal ____________________________
DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS
BREAK DOWN their food
a. Help animals ___________________
VITAMINS
b. Produce __________________
for host animal
HARMFUL MICROBES
c. Keep away ____________________________.
CHEMICALLY BREAK DOWN
FERMENTS
Bacteria helps, ______________________,
(___________________________),
many food products that people eat every day.
TEXTURES
FLAVORS
This gives foods certain __________________
and _______________
_________
SAURERKRAUT __________
SOY
PICKLES _________
YOGURT _________
SOUR
VINEGAR
__________________
_______________
__________
__________
SAUCE
CREAM
ENVIRONMENT
More recently, bacteria have been used to benefit the _____________________.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
_________________________:
Solving problems using living organisms.
Use the internet to research the following topics to discover how bacteria is being
used in the following areas:
Pest Control
Gas
Insulin
Detergents
-----------------------------WARFARE
Chemicals that ___________
or ________________
the growth
KILL
SLOW
of bacteria
Work by stopping bacteria from making ___________________.
CELL WALLS
Produced naturally by some species of ________________
and
BACTERIA
_________________.
FUNGI
The can be used as medicine without damage since
animal cells do not have ________________.
CELL WALLS
Resistant bacteria
First Defense:
Body Coverings
_______________________
Cuts in Skin
•______________________
Mucous Membranes
•______________________
Body Openings
•______________________
Second Defense:
IMMUNE SYSTEM
_______________________
White Blood Cells
•______________________
Antibodies
•______________________
Interferon
•______________________
Third Defense:
_______________________
Vaccines
•Chemicals made by
specialized
WHITE
BLOOD CELLS
____________________
DESTROY
•Help ____________
viruses and harmful
bacterium
•May be
____________________
DESTROYED BY
ANTIBODIES
____________
OR may
be held captive until
macrophage
_______________
can
surround and destroy it
1.
2.
BACTERIA
REVIEW
What is a common trait amongst all bacteria, (Archea and Eubacteria)?
THEY ARE ALL PROKARYOTIC, (no nuclei)
What is a deciphering factor when classifying Archea versus Eubacteria?
THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH THEY LIVE
Eubacteria live under neutral conditions, while archaebacteria live under extremes
3.
What are three common shapes of bacteria?
ROUND, (coccus)
ROD, (bacilli)
SPRIAL, (sprilli)
4. How can bacteria be found? (in what arrangement?)
SINGLE
PAIRS
COLONIES
5. Where can they be found?
EVERYWHERE
6. How do they reproduce?
FISSION: (one splits into two)
7. What conditions do they need to survive?
DEPENDS ON THE KINGDOM OF BACTERIA…
8. What do they obtain energy
SOME BACTERAI ARE PRODUCERES, OTHERS ARE CONSUMERS
9. What are communicable diseases?
DISEASES CAUSED BY A PATHOGEN THAT IS SPREAD FROM
DIRECT CONTACT WITH THE PATHOGEN
10. Are bacteria harmful or helpful?
SOME ARE HARMFUL, SOME ARE HELPFUL
UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN VIRUSES AND BACTERIA?
1. What is a virus?
2. How is a virus different from a bacterium?
3. How do bacteria reproduce?
4. How do viruses reproduce?
5. Why can medicine be used to treat bacterial infections/disease?
6. Why can medicine not be used to treat viral infections/disease?
7. What things in the body destroy viruses?